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Various Diseases and Associated Part of Human Body: Biology Study Notes for upcoming SSC and Railways Exam 2023
By BYJU'S Exam Prep
Updated on: September 25th, 2023

Diseases and Associated Part of Human Body: General Science is an integral part of the General Awareness syllabus of SSC Exams. Today from the Biology section, we would be sharing study notes on “Diseases and Associated Part of Human Body” It is a very important topic for any competitive exam. Around 2 questions are asked about this topic in SSC and Railway Exams. Make sure you go through these notes and learn them by heart. Students, this topic would be very crucial from the exam point of view for all the upcoming SSC CGL 2023, SSC CHSL 2023, RRB NTPC, RRB Group D etc. You can also download these study notes in PDF form from the link given at the bottom of this article.
Table of content
What is a “Disease”?
A disease is defined as any dysfunctional process that interferes with the body’s natural functioning. In other terms, sickness is a dysfunction in a person’s physical, physiological, psychological, or social state caused by a lack of nutrition, a deficiency, a physiological problem, a genetic problem, a pathogen, or any other reason.
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Types of Diseases
Important Update |
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Parts of the Body Affected by Diseases
Disease |
Affected Body Part |
Arthritis |
Joints |
Asthma |
Bronchial Muscles |
Cataract |
Eyes |
Diabetes |
Pancreas |
Diphtheria |
Throat |
Eczema |
Skin |
Glaucoma |
Eyes |
Goitre |
Thyroid Gland |
Jaundice |
Liver |
Leukaemia |
Blood (Bone Marrow) |
Malaria |
Spleen |
Meningitis |
Brain and Spinal Cord |
Otitis |
Ears |
Paralysis |
Nerves |
Pneumonia |
Lungs |
Polio |
Legs |
Pyorrhoea |
Teeth and Gums |
Rheumatism |
Joints |
Sinusitis |
Inflammation of sinus linings |
Tonsillitis |
Tonsils |
Trachoma |
Eyes |
Tuberculosis |
Lungs |
Typhoid |
Intestines |
Diseases and Causative Agents
Causative Agent | Disease |
Bacteria | Diphtheria, Gonorrhoea, Meningitis, Cholera, Leprosy, Typhoid, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Plague, Whooping Cough, Pneumonia |
Virus | Chicken Pox, Small Pox, Measle, Mumps, AIDS, Yellow fever, Influenza, Dengue fever, Rabies, Polio-meritis phelebotomus |
Protozoans | Malaria, Sleeping sickness, Kala-azar, Leishmaniasis, Amoebic dysentery |
Fungus | Athlete’s foot, Ringworms, Madura foot, Dhobi’s itch |
Helminths | Filaria, Tapeworm and Hookworm transmission |
List of Diseases Spread through Viruses
Name of disease |
Description |
Common cold |
|
Smallpox |
|
Influenza |
|
Measles |
|
Chickenpox |
|
Mumps |
|
German measles (Rubella) |
|
Poliomyelitis (polio) |
|
Yellow fever |
|
Zika disease |
|
AIDS |
|
Ebola haemorrhagic fever |
|
List of Diseases Caused by Bacteria
Name of disease |
Description |
Whooping cough (Pertussis) |
|
Diphtheria |
|
Tuberculosis (TB) |
|
Gonorrhoea |
|
Tetanus |
|
Syphilis |
|
Cholera |
|
Bacterial food poisoning (gastro enteritis or salmonellosis) |
|
Typhoid fever |
|
Bacterial dysentery |
|
Important Information about Human Body
- Biggest Organ: Skin
- Heart Beat: 72 times in a minute
- Largest Gland: liver
- Number of Bone: 206
- Number of Muscles: 640
- Number of chromosomes: 46 or 23 pairs
- Normal Blood Pressure: 80 to 120
- Teeth: 32
- The volume of Blood: About 7 litres in the normal body or about 7% of the total body weight.
- Largest; Part of the human Brain: Cerebrum
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