Epidemic, Pandemic, Endemics: An Introduction about Disease Outbreak

All About Epidemics, Pandemics & Endemics. The outbreak of coronavirus has introduced the whole world with terms like epidemics, pandemics, and endemics. Therefore, it is imperative to know about all these terms in detail.

In this article, we will not just introduce you to such terms but also impart you with the knowledge of some of the diseases that showed up as epidemics and pandemics in the past, affecting the people and their nations. This article is important for all the government exams such as SSC CGL, SSC CHSL & Railway Exams, etc.

Epidemics, Pandemics & Endemics: Introduction

Let us discuss in detail about these terms in detail.

1. Epidemics refers to a disease that affects a large number of people within a community, population, or region. The epidemics can have a point source (spreading from a single person), continuous source( water or food ) or person to person spread.

2. Pandemics refers to an epidemic that’s spread over multiple countries or continents.

3. Endemics refers to a disease that belongs to a particular people or country. They are always present in a group of people but they are rare. For instance: chickenpox, malaria etc. These are further categorized into two: Holoendemic (affecting children) and Hyperendemic (affecting people of all age groups).

Let us see some of the examples across each of these categories.

Category	Examples
Epidemics	Plague of Cyprian: A.D. 250-271
	Cocoliztli : 1545-1548 Causative Agent: S. paratyphi C
	Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic: 1793
	American polio epidemic: 1916
	Spanish Flu: 1918-1920
	SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) -2003
	West African Ebola epidemic: 2014-2016
	Zika Virus: 2015- Present

 

Category	Examples
Pandemics	Plague of Athens: 430 B.C.
	The Black Death: 1346-1353 Causative Agent: Yersinia pestis
	Flu pandemic: 1889-1890
	Asian Flu: 1957-1958
	Influenza Pandemic
	H1N1 Swine Flu pandemic: 2009-2010
	AIDS pandemic: 1981-present day
	Coronavirus Pandemic- 2019-today

 

Category	Examples
Endemics	Chagas Disease Causative Agent: Trypanozoma cruzi.
	Measles Causative Agent: Measles virus (MV)
	Tuberculosis Causative Agent:Mycobacterium tuberculi
	Mumps Causative Agent:Mumps orthorubulavirus
	Small pox Causative Agent: Variola virus
	African Sleeping Sickness Causative Agent: Trypanozoma
	Malaria Causative Agent: protozoan parasite (Plasmodium genus)
	Chicken Pox Causative Agent: Varicella zoster virus (VZV)

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