SSC GK History Notes: Delhi Sultanate (Part II)
The Tuglaq dynasty (1320 – 1414 AD)
Period of Rule | Rulers | Important Facts |
1320 – 1324 | Ghiyasuddin Tuglaq | 1) Ghazi Malik ascended the throne assuming the title Ghiyasuddin Tuglaq 2) He died in 1320 due to collapse of a pavilion 3) He built the Tuglaqabad fort and started irrigation works |
1324 – 1351 | Mohammed Bin Tuglaq | 1) Five ambitious projects a) Increase of taxation in the doab with imposing Ghari or House tax and Charahi or Pasture tax. The taxes were also fixed arbitrarily b) Created Diwan-i-Kohi or Department of Agriculture to bring more land under cultivation 2) Transfer of capital from Delhi to Daulatabad 3) Token Currency: He introduced bronze coins which were to have the same value as silver coins. But these coins were forged and greatly lost its value in the market 4) Khurasan expedition was proposed and large troops were mobilized. But the expedition was abandoned at the later stage 5) Qarachil expedition against the Chinese incursion in Kumaon hills, Himalayas The above ambitious projects were great failures which led to unpopular nature of the king, growing revolts and great cost to the exchequer. Moroccan traveler Ibn Batuta visited India during his period
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1351 - 1388 | Firuz Shah Tuglaq | 1) Trying to appease the nobility, army and theologians, he introduced hereditary system in the nobility and Iqtas, the army which led to many abuses 2) He introduced the Jizya tax 3) His 4-fold taxation was on Quran which were Kharaj, Zakat, Jizya and Khams 4) He built Firozabad, Fatehabad, Hisar and Jaunpur 5) Diwan-i-Khairat was established to make provisons for the marriage of poor girls 6) He established a hospital in Delhi, Dar-ul-Shifa 7) He transplanted two Ashokan Pillars to Firozabad. 8) He is the author of Fatuhat-i- Firozshahi
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1398 | Timur Invasion | Turkish chief, conqueror, descendant of Changez khan invaded India during the reign of Muhammed Shah Tuglaq and sacked and plundered Delhi, leaving Khizr Khan to manage the affairs |
After the death of Firoz shah, the empire started to disintegrate. Timur’s invasion dealt the final blow to the empire. Khizr Khan, nominated by Timur, took the reign of Delhi establishing the Sayyid dynasty
Sayyid Dynasty
Period Of Rule | Rulers | Important Facts |
1414 – 1421 | Khizr Khan | Nominee of Timur and founder of Sayyid dynasty |
1421 – 1434 | Mubarak Shah | Undertook successful expeditions against the Mewatis, Katehars and the Gangetic doab |
1434 – 1443 | Muhammad Shah | He was a puppet ruler put up by the nobles who ruled most of the territories |
1443 – 1451 | Alam shah | Last Sayyid ruler who descended in the favour of Lodhi dynasty |
Lodhi Dynasty
Period of Rule | Rulers | Important Facts |
1451 – 1488 | Bahlol Lodhi | An Afghan sardar, Bahlol Lodhi established himself after Timur invasion |
1489 – 1517 | Sikandar Lodhi | 1) Founded the city of Agra and shifted his capital from Delhi to Agra 2) Took steps for the development of agriculture. ‘Gaz-i-Sikandari’ – 32 digits for measuring cultivated field was introduced |
1517 – 1526 | Ibrahim Lodhi | 1) During the final stages, the sultanate extended to the proximate areas of Delhi only 2) The nobles turned against Ibrahim Lodhi due to his assertion of absolute power 3) Daulat Khan Lodhi invited Babur to overthrow Ibrahim Lodhi. This resulted in the 1st Battle of Panipat where Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi and established Mughal empire in India |
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