Sound Study Notes for MPSC State Exam 2021

Sound

Sound

• A sound is a form of energy that is emitted by a vibrating body that travels in the form of waves and causes the sensation of hearing.
• The sound is produced by vibrations.
• Sound is transmitted in the form of waves.
• Sound waves are Mechanical – Longitudinal waves.

Sound characteristics

• When sound waves travel through – the density of the medium changes.
• Compression
  • The part that carries the vibrations is the part with the crowded mass of particles.
  • Compression has a high density as well as energy.
• Rarefaction
  • The part of the vibration where the particles are scattered far away.
  • Rarefaction has less density and less energy.

Wavelength

• The distance between the two nearest particles that are in the same phase is called wavelength.
• SI:m

Amplitude

• The maximum displacement of the particles of a medium from their mean positions during the propagation of a wave is called the amplitude of the wave.
• If amplitude increases, wavelength increases.
• As the wavelength increases, the sound becomes loud.
• SI:m

Frequency

• Frequency is the number of waves that occur over a period of time.
• SI: Hertz (Hz).

Time period

• The time required to produce one complete wave (or cycle) is called the time period of the wave.

 

Pitch of Sound

• Pitch depends on its frequency. The higher the frequency of the sound, the higher Pitch of Sound.
• The higher pitch, the sharper the sound.
• The pitch is higher for women than men.

Velocity of Sound

• The speed of sound is lowest in air, medium in liquid and highest in static.
• Sound cannot travel through a vacuum.

Types of sounds

Audible range (Sonic)

• The frequency at which a human can hear this sound is 20Hz – 20KHz.
• g. human voice.

Ultrasonic

• Its frequency is more than 20KHz.
• Humans cannot hear the ultrasonic sound, but cats, chimpanzees, rats, whereabouts, toddlers, dolphins, bats (produces up to 1 lakh Hz), etc.
• Usage:
  • To detect tumours in the body
  • To monitor fetal growth
  • In the ECG Machine
  • To preserve milk-substances

Infrasonic Sound

• Its frequency is less than 20Hz.
• Elephants, Rhinos, Whales, etc. produce Infrasonic Sound.
• This type of sound is first produced during an earthquake, so it is used in disaster management.

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