hamburger

What is Two Port Network?

By BYJU'S Exam Prep

Updated on: September 25th, 2023

Two Port Networks can be used to represent any complex electrical network into a simple equivalent model. The electrical components like transmission lines and transformers can be modelled in two-port network models. Similarly, electronic components like transistors and op-amps can also be modelled in two-port network models.

This article gives an overview of two-port network parameters and how to calculate them. In this article, we also provided the condition for symmetry and reciprocal for the given network concerning two-port network parameters. These conditions will help check the given network whether it is symmetrical or not and similarly reciprocal or not.

Download Formulas for GATE Electronics & Communication Engineering – Control System

What is Two Port Network?

Pair of terminals is known as a port. Here, the current enters through one terminal and leaves from the other terminal. So, the electrical components like resistor, inductor and capacitor are examples of one port network.

Two Port Network Definition

It is known as a two-port network if the network has two such ports. In the following two-port network, there are two ports, namely port 1 and port 2. V1 and V2 are the voltages across port 1 and port 2, respectively. Similarly, I1 and I2 are the currents flowing through port 1 and port 2, respectively.

\

Figure: Two Port Network

Two Port Network Example

A few examples of Two Port Network are:

  • filters,
  • small-signal models for transistors
  • matching networks,
  • transmission lines,
  • transformers,

Download Formulas for GATE Electronics & Communication Engineering – Digital Circuits

Two Port Network Parameters

In the two-port network, we can give the input to any port; similarly, we can take the output from any port. Since we have two electrical quantities, voltage and current, obviously, the input and output also will be among those two forms.

The parameters that we will use in two-port networks are known as two-port network parameters. Since there are four variables, V1, V2, I1 and I2, we will get six sets of parameters for the two port networks. Now, let’s see the following two port network parameters.

  • Z Parameters
  • Y Parameters
  • T Parameters
  • T’ Parameters
  • h Parameters
  • g Parameters

Z Parameters

Among the four variables V1, V2, I1 and I2 of a two-port network, let’s consider I1 and I2 as independent variables and V1 and V2 as dependent variables. That means I1 and I2 are the inputs, whereas V1 and V2 are the outputs of the two-port network. The two equations of this two-port network and the corresponding Z parameters are mentioned below.

  • V1=Z11I1+Z12I2
  • V2=Z21I1+Z22I2
  • Z11=V1/I1, when I2=0
  • Z12=V1/I2, when I1=0
  • Z21=V2/I1, when I2=0
  • Z22=V2/I2, when I1=0

Here, the ratio of output (voltage) and input (current) gives the value of impedance, and the units are Ohm (Ω). Hence, these two-port network parameters are called impedance parameters or Z parameters. We can find two Z parameters, Z11 and Z21, by making port 2 an open circuit. Similarly, we can see the other Z parameters, Z12 and Z22, by making port 1 an open circuit. Hence, we can call Z parameters as open circuit impedance parameters.

  • A two-port network is said to be a symmetrical network if Z11=Z22.
  • A two-port network is said to be reciprocal if Z12=Z21.

Download Formulas for GATE Electronics & Communication Engineering – Electronic Devices

Y Parameters

Among the four variables V1, V2, I1 and I2 of the two-port network, let’s consider V1 and V2 as independent variables and I1 and I2 as dependent variables. That means V1 and V2 are the inputs, whereas I1 and I2 are the outputs of the two-port network. The two equations of this two-port network and the corresponding Y parameters are mentioned below.

  • I1=Y11V1+Y12V2
  • I2=Y21/V2+Y22V2
  • Y11=I1/V1, when V2=0
  • Y12=I1/V2, when V1=0
  • Y21=I2/V1, when V2=0
  • Y22=I2/V2, when V12=0

Here, the ratio of output (current) and input (voltage) gives the value of admittance, and the units are mho (℧). Hence, these two-port network parameters are called admittance parameters or Y parameters. We can find two Y parameters, Y11 and Y21, by making port 2 a short circuit. Similarly, we can see the other two Y parameters, Y12 and Y22, by making port 1 a short course. Hence, we can call Y parameters short circuit admittance parameters.

  • A two-port network is said to be a symmetrical network if Y11=Y22.
  • A two-port network is said to be reciprocal if Y12=Y21.

T Parameters

Among the four variables V1, V2, I1 and I2 of a two-port network, let’s consider V2 and I2 as independent variables and V1 and I1 as dependent variables. That means V2 and I2 are the inputs, whereas V1 and I1 are the outputs of the two-port network. The two equations of this two-port network and the corresponding T parameters are mentioned below.

  • V1=AV2-BI2
  • I1=CV2-DI2
  • A=V1V2, when I2=0
  • B=-V1I2, when V2=0
  • C=I1V2, when I2=0
  • D=-I1I2, when V2=0

Here, A and D do not have any units. In contrast, the units of B and D are ohm (Ω) and mho (℧), respectively. ABCD parameters are also called Transmission parameters or T parameters in short. We can find two T parameters, A and C, by making port 2 an open circuit. Similarly, we can see the other two T parameters, B and D, by making port 2 a short course.

  • A two-port network is said to be a symmetrical network if A=D.
  • A two-port network is said to be reciprocal if AD-BC=1.

T’ Parameters

Among the four variables V1, V2, I1 and I2 of the two-port network, let’s consider V1 and I1 as independent variables and V2 and I2 as dependent variables. That means V1 and I1 are the inputs, whereas V2 and I2 are the outputs of the two-port network. The two equations of this two-port network and the corresponding T’ parameters are mentioned below.

  • V2=A’V1-B’I1
  • I2=C’V1-D’I1
  • A’=V2V1, when I1=0
  • B’=-V2I1, when V1=0
  • C’=I2V1, when I1=0
  • D’=-I2I1, when V1=0

Here, A’ and D’ are not having any units. Whereas the units of B’ and D’ are ohm (Ω) and mho (℧) respectively. A’B’C’D’ parameters are also called Inverse Transmission parameters or T’ parameters in short. We can find two T’ parameters, A’ and C’, by making port 1 an open circuit. Similarly, we can see the other two T’ parameters B’ and D’, by making port 1 a short course.

  • A two-port network is said to be symmetrical if A’ =D’.
  • A two-port network is said to be reciprocal if A’D’-B’C’=1.

h Parameters

Among the four variables V1, V2, I1 and I2 of a two-port network, let’s consider I1 and V2 as independent variables and V1 and I2 as dependent variables. That means I1 and V2 are the inputs, whereas V1 and I2 are the outputs of the two-port network. The two equations of this two-port network and the corresponding h parameters are mentioned below.

  • V1=h11I1+h12V2
  • I2=h21I1+h22V2
  • h11=V1/I1, when V2=0
  • h12=V1/V2, when I1=0
  • h21=I2/I1, when V2=0
  • h22=I2/V2, when I1=0

Here, h12 and h21 do not have any units. The units of h11 and h22 are ohm (Ω) and mho (℧), respectively. The h parameters are also called Hybrid parameters. We can find two h parameters, h11 and h21, by making port 2 a short circuit. Similarly, we can see the other two h parameters, h12 and h22, by making port 1 an open circuit.

  • A two-port network is said to be symmetrical network, if h=1, i.e., h11h22-h21h21=1.
  • A two-port network is said to be reciprocal if h12=-h21.

g Parameters

Among the four variables V1, V2, I1 and I2 of a two-port network, let’s consider V1 and I2 as independent variables and I1 and V2 as dependent variables. That means V1 and I2 are the inputs, whereas I1 and V2 are the outputs of the two-port network. The two equations of this two-port network and the corresponding g parameters are mentioned below.

  • I1=g11V1+g1I2
  • V2=g21V1+g22I2
  • g11=I1/V1, when I2=0
  • g12=I1/I2, when V1=0
  • g21=V2/V1, when I2=0
  • g22=V2/I2, when V1=0

Here, g12 and g21 do not have any units. At the same time, the units of g11 and g22 are mho (℧) and ohm (Ω), respectively. The g parameters are also called Inverse Hybrid parameters. We can find two g parameters, g11 and g21, by making port 2 an open circuit. Similarly, we can see the other two g parameters, g12 and g22, by making port 1 a short circuit.

  • A two-port network is a symmetrical network if g=1, i.e., g11g22-g12g21=1.
  • A two-port network is said to be reciprocal if g12=-g21.

This article discussed the two-port network parameters and how to calculate them. We also mentioned the condition for symmetry and reciprocal for the given network concerning two port network parameters. Whenever we want to check whether the given network is symmetrical or not and similarly common or not that time, we can use those conditions.

Important GATE Topics

Unary Operators In C Rankine Formula
Modulus Of Rigidity Torsion Equation
Types Of Footings Boolean Algebra Laws
Proof Resilience Storage Class In C
Arpanet Full Form Number System Questions
Our Apps Playstore
POPULAR EXAMS
SSC and Bank
Other Exams
GradeStack Learning Pvt. Ltd.Windsor IT Park, Tower - A, 2nd Floor, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303 help@byjusexamprep.com
Home Practice Test Series Premium