DRDO Scientist B Syllabus 2022 has been released by the Recruitment and Assessment Centre (RAC). The Defense Research & Development Organization (DRDO) has announced 630 vacancies in various departments like Mechanical, Electronics, Computer Science, Metallurgical, Electrical, Material Science, Instrumentation, Civil, and master's degree disciplines like Chemistry, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Mathematics, Physics, Atmospheric Science, for the post of Scientist B on its official website.
DRDO Scientist B Syllabus 2022 has become the most important part of the preparation material to excel in the recruitment exam. The candidates can thus read and know the essential details concerning DRDO Scientist B Syllabus 2022 through the details below.
DRDO Scientist B Syllabus 2022 carries topics essential for the exam. Candidates who hold a Bachelor’s Degree in Engineering or a Master’s Degree in Science are made eligible for selection if they pass the required eligibility of written test, Interview, and GATE score validity. Find more details about the DRDO Scientist B exam Syllabus 2022 from the table below.
DRDO Scientist B Syllabus 2022 Overview | |
Total No. of Vacancies | 630 |
DRDO Scientist B Syllabus 2022 - Written Paper Type | Descriptive |
Post | Scientist B |
Selection Process | GATE score & Interview for Part 1 posts Written Exam & Interview for Part 2 posts |
Job Location | Across India |
Exam Date | 11 December 2022 |
Application Starting Date | 8th July 2022 |
Application Closing Date | 29th July 2022 |
The complete DRDO Scientist B Syllabus 2022 for Civil Engineering is shared that comes in the exam along with each topic so that the aspirants can look at this syllabus & prepare accordingly for effortlessly cracking the DRDO Exam. The aspirants can refer to the table below for important information regarding DRDO Scientist B Syllabus 2022 for Civil Engineering.
The DRDO Scientist B syllabus 2022 for Civil Engineering Part-I includes topics from different sections such as solid mechanics, building materials, design of steel structures, etc. Let us check the important topics included in the syllabus given below.
| Sections | Topics Included |
| Building Materials | Stone, Lime, Glass, Plastics, Steel, FRP, Ceramics, Aluminum, Fly Ash, Basic Admixtures, and Timber. Bricks and Aggregates: Classification, properties, and selection criteria. Cement: Types, Composition, Properties, Uses, Specifications, and various Tests; Lime & Cement Mortars and Concrete: Properties and various Tests; Design of Concrete Mixes: Proportioning of aggregates and methods of mix design. |
| Solid Mechanics | Elastic constants, Stress, plane stress, Strains, plane strain, Mohr’s circle of stress and strain, Elastic theories of failure, Principal Stresses, Bending, Shear and Torsion. |
| Structural Analysis | Basics of the strength of materials, Types of stresses and strains, Bending moments and shear force, the concept of bending and hear stresses; Analysis of determinate and indeterminate structures; Trusses, beams, plane frames; Rolling loads, Influence Lines, Unit load method & other methods; Free and Forced vibrations of single-degree and multi-degree freedom system; Suspended Cables; Concepts and use of Computer Aided Design. |
| Design of Steel Structures | Principles of Working Stress methods, Design of tension and compression members, Design of beams and beam column connections, built‐up sections, Girders, Industrial roofs, Principles of Ultimate load design. |
| Design of Concrete and Masonry structures | Limit state design for bending, shear, axial compression and combined forces; Design of beams, Slabs, Lintels, Foundations, Retaining walls, Tanks, and Staircases; Principles of pre‐stressed concrete design including materials and methods; Earthquake resistant design of structures; Design of Masonry Structure. |
| Construction Practice, Planning, and Management | Construction ‐ Planning, Equipment, Site investigation and Management, including Estimation with the latest project management tools and network analysis for different Types of works; Analysis of Rates of various types of works; Tendering Process and Contract Management, Quality Control, Productivity, Operation Cost; Land acquisition; Labour safety and welfare. |
The DRDO Scientist B syllabus 2022 for Civil Engineering Part-II includes topics from different sections such as flow of liquids, Environmental Engineering, Geo‐technical Engineering, etc. Let us check the important topics included in the syllabus given below.
| Sections | Topics Included |
| Flow of Fluids, Hydraulic Machines, and HydroPower | Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow, Pipe Flow: Fluid properties; Dimensional Analysis and Modeling; Fluid dynamics including flow kinematics and measurements; Flow net; Viscosity, Boundary layer, and control, Drag, Lift, Principles in open channel flow, Flow controls. Hydraulic jump; Surges; Pipe networks. Hydraulic Machines and Hydropower: Various pumps, Air vessels, Hydraulic turbines – types, classifications & performance parameters; Power house – classification and layout, storage, pondage, control of supply. |
| Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering | Hydrological cycle, Ground water hydrology, Well hydrology and related data analysis; Streams and their gauging; River morphology; Flood, drought and their management; Capacity of Reservoirs. Water Resources Engineering: Multipurpose uses of Water, River basins and their potential; Irrigation systems, water demand assessment; Resources ‐ storages and their yields; Water logging, canal, and drainage design, Gravity dams, falls, weirs, Energy dissipaters, barrage Distribution works, Cross drainage works and head‐works and their design; Concepts in canal design, construction & maintenance; River training, measurement, and analysis of rainfall. |
| Environmental Engineering | Water Supply Engineering: Sources, Estimation, quality standards and testing of water and their treatment; Rural, Institutional and industrial water supply; Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics and sources of water, Pollutants in water and its effects, Estimation of water demand; Drinking water Standards, Water Treatment Plants, Water distribution networks. Waste Water Engineering: Planning & design of domestic waste water, sewage collection, and disposal; Plumbing Systems. Components and layout of sewerage system; Industrial waste waters and effluent treatment plants, including institutional and industrial sewage management. Solid Waste Management: Sources & classification of solid wastes along with planning & design of its management system; Disposal system, Beneficial aspects of wastes and Utilization by Civil Engineers. Air, Noise pollution and Ecology: Concepts & general methodology. |
| Geo‐technical Engineering and Foundation Engineering | Geo‐technical Engineering: Soil exploration ‐ planning & methods, soil properties, classification, various tests and inter‐relationships; Permeability & Seepage, Compressibility, consolidation and Shearing resistance, Earth pressure theories and stress distribution in soil; Properties and uses of geo‐synthetics. Foundation Engineering: Types of foundations & selection criteria, bearing capacity, settlement analysis, design and testing of shallow & deep foundations; Slope stability analysis, Earthen embankments, Dams, and Earth retaining structures: types, analysis, and design, Principles of ground modifications. |
| Surveying and Geology | Surveying: Classification of surveys, various methodologies, instruments & analysis of measurement of distances, elevation, and directions; Field astronomy, Global Positioning System; Map preparation; Photogrammetry; Remote sensing concepts; Survey Layout for culverts, canals, bridges, road/railway alignment, and buildings, Setting out of Curves. Geology: Basic knowledge of Engineering geology & its application in projects. |
| Transportation Engineering | Highways ‐ Planning & construction methodology, Alignment, and geometric design; Traffic Surveys and Controls; Principles of Flexible and Rigid pavements design. Tunneling‐ Alignment, methods of construction, disposal of muck, drainage, lighting, and ventilation. Railways Systems – Terminology, Planning, designs, and maintenance practices; track modernization. Harbors – Terminology, layouts, and planning. Airports – Layout, planning & design. |
The complete DRDO Scientist B Syllabus for Mechanical Engineering is shared in the exam along with each topic so that the aspirants can look at this syllabus & crack the exam. Candidates shall prepare from the DRDO question paper.
The aspirants can refer to the tables below for important information regarding DRDO Scientist B Syllabus 2022 for Mechanical Engineering.
The DRDO Scientist B syllabus 2022 for Mechanical Engineering Part-I includes topics from different sections such as fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, turbo machinery, etc. Let us check the important topics included in the syllabus given below.
| Sections | Topics Included |
| Fluid Mechanics | Basic Concepts and Properties of Fluids, Manometry, Fluid Statics, Buoyancy, Equations of Motion, Bernoulli’s equation and applications, Viscous flow of incompressible fluids, Laminar and Turbulent flows, Flow through pipes and head losses in pipes. |
| Thermodynamics and Heat transfer | Thermodynamic systems and processes; properties of pure substance; Zeroth, First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics; Entropy, Irreversibility, and availability; analysis of thermodynamic cycles related to energy conversion: Rankine, Otto, Diesel, and Dual Cycles; ideal and real gases; compressibility factor; Gas mixtures. Modes of heat transfer, Steady and unsteady heat conduction, Thermal resistance, Fins, Free and forced convection, Correlations for convective heat transfer, Radiative heat transfer – Radiation heat transfer co‐efficient; boiling and condensation, Heat exchanger performance analysis. |
| IC Engines, Refrigeration and Air conditioning | SI and CI Engines, Engine Systems and Components, Performance characteristics and testing of IC Engines; Fuels; Emissions and Emission Control. Vapor compression refrigeration, Refrigerants, and Working cycles, Compressors, Condensers, Evaporators 23 and Expansion devices, Other types of refrigeration systems like Vapour Absorption, Vapour jet, thermo-electric and Vortex tube refrigeration. Psychometric properties and processes, Comfort chart, Comfort and industrial air conditioning, Load calculations and Heat pumps. |
| Turbo Machinery | Reciprocating and Rotary pumps, Pelton wheel, Kaplan and Francis Turbines, velocity diagrams, Impulse and Reaction principles, Steam and Gas Turbines, Theory of Jet Propulsion – Pulse jet and Ram Jet Engines, Reciprocating and Rotary Compressors – Theory and Applications |
| Power Plant Engineering | Rankine and Brayton cycles with regeneration and reheat, Fuels and their properties, Flue gas analysis, Boilers, steam turbines and other power plant components like condensers, air ejectors, electrostatic precipitators and cooling towers – their theory and design, types and applications. |
| Renewable Sources of Energy | Solar Radiation, Solar Thermal Energy collection ‐ Flat Plate and focusing collectors their materials and performance. Solar Thermal Energy Storage, Applications – heating, cooling and Power Generation; Solar Photovoltaic Conversion; Harnessing of Wind Energy, Bio‐mass and Tidal Energy – Methods and Applications, Working principles of Fuel Cells. |
The DRDO Scientist B syllabus 2022 for Mechanical Engineering Part-II includes topics from different sections such as Engineering mechanics, mechanisms and machines, mechatronics and robotics, etc. Let us check the important topics included in the syllabus given below.
| Sections | Topics Included |
| Engineering Mechanics | Analysis of System of Forces, Friction, Centroid and Centre of Gravity, Dynamics; Stresses and Strains‐Compound Stresses and Strains, Bending Moment and Shear Force Diagrams, Theory of Bending Stresses‐ Slope and deflection‐Torsion, Thin and thick Cylinders, Spheres. |
| Engineering Materials | Basic Crystallography, alloy and Phase diagrams, Heat Treatment, Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals, Nonmetallic materials, Basics of Nano‐materials, Mechanical Properties and Testing, Corrosion prevention and control. |
| Mechanisms and Machines | Types of Kinematics Pair, Mobility, Inversions, Kinematic Analysis, Velocity and Acceleration Analysis of Planar Mechanisms, CAMs with uniform acceleration and retardation, cycloidal motion, oscillating followers; Vibrations –Free and forced vibration of undamped and damped SDOF systems, Transmissibility Ratio, Vibration Isolation, Critical Speed of Shafts. Gears – Geometry of tooth profiles, Law of gearing, Involute profile, Interference, Helical, Spiral and Worm Gears, Gear Trains‐ Simple, compound and Epicyclic; Dynamic Analysis – Slider – crank mechanisms, turning moment computations, balancing of Revolving & Reciprocating masses, Gyroscopes –Effect of Gyroscopic couple on automobiles, ships, and aircraft, Governors. |
| Design of Machine Elements | Design for static and dynamic loading; failure theories; fatigue strength and the S‐N diagram; principles of machine elements such as riveted, welded, and bolted joints. Shafts, Spur gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings, Brakes, clutches, flywheels. |
| Manufacturing, Industrial, and Maintenance Engineering | Metal casting‐ Metal forming, Metal Joining, Machining and machine tool operations, Limits, fits and tolerances, Metrology and inspection, computer Integrated manufacturing, FMS, Production planning and Control, Inventory control and operations research‐ CPM‐PERT. Failure concepts and characteristics‐Reliability, Failure analysis, Machine Vibration, Data acquisition, Fault Detection, Vibration Monitoring, Field Balancing of Rotors, Noise Monitoring, Wear and Debris Analysis, Signature Analysis, and NDT Techniques in Condition Monitoring. |
| Mechatronics and Robotics | Microprocessors and Microcontrollers: Architecture, programming, I/O, Computer interfacing, Programmable logic controller. Sensors and actuators, Piezoelectric accelerometer, Hall effect sensor, Optical Encoder, Resolver, Inductosyn, Pneumatic and Hydraulic actuators, stepper motor, Control Systems‐ Mathematical modeling of Physical systems, control signals, controllability, and observability. Robot Classification, Robot Specification, notation; Direct and Inverse Kinematics; Homogeneous Coordinates and Arm Equation of four Axis SCARA Robot. |
DRDO Scientist B Syllabus for Electronics and Communication Engineering is shared in the exam along with each topic so that the aspirants can look at this syllabus & collect accordingly for DRDO exam. The aspirants can refer to the table below for important information regarding DRDO Scientist B Syllabus 2022 for Electronics and Communication Engineering.
The DRDO Scientist B syllabus 2022 for Electronics and Communication Engineering Part-I includes topics from different sections such as basics of semiconductors, Basic Electrical Engineering, Network theory, etc. Let us check the important topics included in the syllabus given below.
| Sections | Topics Included |
| Basics of Semiconductors | Diode/Transistor basics and characteristics; Diodes for different uses; Junction & Field Effect Transistors (BJTs, JFETs, MOSFETs); Transistor amplifiers of different types, oscillators and other circuits; Basics of Integrated Circuits (ICs); Bipolar, MOS and CMOS ICs; Basics of linear ICs, operational amplifiers and their applications‐ linear/non‐linear; Optical sources/detectors; Basics of Optoelectronics and its applications. |
| Basic Electrical Engineering | DC circuits, ohm's & Kirchoff's laws, mesh and nodal analysis, circuit theorems; Electromagnetism, Faraday's & Lenz's laws, induced EMF and its uses; Single‐phase AC circuits; Transformers, efficiency; Basics‐DC machines, induction machines, and synchronous machines; Electrical power sources‐ basics: hydroelectric, thermal, nuclear, wind, solar; Basics of batteries and their uses. |
| Materials Science | Electrical Engineering materials; Crystal structure & defects; Ceramic materials‐structures, composites, processing and uses; Insulating laminates for electronics, structures, properties and uses; Magnetic materials, basics, classification, ferrites, Ferro/para‐magnetic materials and components; Nano materials‐basics, preparation, purification, sintering, nanoparticles and uses; Nano‐optical/magnetic/electronic materials and uses; Superconductivity, uses. |
| Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation | Principles of measurement, accuracy, precision and standards; Analog and Digital systems for measurement, measuring instruments for different applications; Static/dynamic characteristics of measurement systems, errors, statistical analysis and curve fitting; Measurement systems for non‐electrical quantities; Basics of telemetry; Different types of transducers and displays; Data acquisition system basics. |
| Network Theory | Network graphs & matrices; Wye‐Delta transformation; Linear constant coefficient differential equations‐ time domain analysis of RLC circuits; Solution of network equations using Laplace transforms‐ frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits; 2‐port network parameters‐driving point & transfer functions; State equations for networks; Steady state sinusoidal analysis. |
| Analog and Digital Circuits | Small signal equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTS, and FETs; Diode circuits for different uses; Biasing & stability of BJT & JFET amplifier circuits; Analysis/design of amplifier‐ single/multi‐stage; Feedback& uses; Active filters, timers, multipliers, wave shaping, A/D‐D/A converters; Boolean Algebra& uses; Logic gates, Digital IC families, Combinatorial/sequential circuits; Basics of multiplexers, counters/registers/ memories /microprocessors, design& applications.td> |
The DRDO Scientist B syllabus 2022 for Electronics and Communication Engineering Part-II includes topics from different sections such as control systems, Electro Magnetics, Analog and Digital Communication Systems, etc. Let us check the important topics included in the syllabus given below.
| Sections | Topics Included |
| Analog and Digital Communication Systems | Random signals, noise, probability theory, information theory; Analog versus digital communication & applications: Systems‐ AM, FM, transmitters/receivers, theory/practice/ standards, SNR comparison; Digital communication basics: Sampling, quantizing, coding, PCM, DPCM, multiplexing‐audio/video; Digital modulation: ASK, FSK, PSK; Multiple access: TDMA, FDMA, CDMA; Optical communication: fibre optics, theory, practice/standards. |
| Control Systems | Classification of signals and systems; Application of signal and system theory; System realisation; Transforms& their applications; Signal flow graphs, Routh‐Hurwitz criteria, root loci, Nyquist/Bode plots; Feedback systems‐open &close loop types, stability analysis, steady state, transient and frequency response analysis; Design of control systems, compensators, elements of lead/lag compensation, PID and industrial controllers. |
| Computer Organization and Architecture | The basic architecture, CPU, I/O organisation, memory organisation, peripheral devices, trends; Hardware /software issues; Data representation& Programming; Operating systems‐basics, processes, characteristics, applications; Memory management, virtual memory, file systems, protection & security; Databases, different types, characteristics and design; Transactions and concurrency control; Elements of programming languages, typical examples. |
| Electro Magnetics | Elements of vector calculus, Maxwell's equations‐basic concepts; Gauss' and Stokes' theorems; Wave propagation through 26 different media; Transmission Lines‐different types, basics, Smith's chart, impedance matching/transformation, S‐ parameters, pulse excitation, uses; Waveguides‐basics, rectangular types, modes, cut‐off frequency, dispersion, dielectric types; Antennas‐radiation pattern, monopoles/dipoles, gain, arrays‐active/passive, theory, use. |
| Advanced Electronics Topics | VLSI technology: Processing, lithography, interconnects, packaging, testing; VLSI design: Principles, MUX/ROM/PLA‐based design, Moore & Mealy circuit design; Pipeline concepts & functions; Design for testability, examples; DSP: Discrete-time signals/systems, uses; Digital filters: FIR/IIR types, design, speech/audio/radar signal processing uses; Microprocessors & microcontrollers, basics, interrupts, DMA, instruction sets, interfacing; Controllers & uses; Embedded systems. |
| Advanced Communication Topics | Communication networks: Principles/ practices/ technologies/ uses/ OSI model/ security; Basic packet multiplexed streams/scheduling; Cellular networks, types, analysis, protocols (TCP/TCPIP); Microwave & satellite communication: Terrestrial/space type LOS systems, block schematics link calculations, system design; Communication satellites, orbits, characteristics, systems, uses; Fibre‐optic communication systems, block schematics, link calculations, system design. |
The complete DRDO Scientist B Syllabus for Computer Science Engineering is shared in the exam along with each topic so that the aspirants can look at this syllabus for the DRDO Exam. The aspirants can refer to the table below for important information regarding DRDO Scientist B Syllabus 2022 for Computer Science Engineering.
The DRDO Scientist B syllabus 2022 for Computer Science Engineering Part-I includes topics from different sections such as algorithms, digital logic, discrete mathematics, etc. Let us check the important topics included in the syllabus given below.
| Sections | Topics Involved |
| Algorithms | Searching, sorting, hashing g. Graph search, minimum spanning trees, shortest paths. Asymptotic worst case, time and space complexity y. Algorithm design techniques: greedy, dynamic programming, and divide‐and‐conquer. |
| Programming and Data Structures Programming in C | Functions, structures, memory management, recursion, arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, binary search trees, binary heaps, and grap. Object-oriented programming basics. |
| Discrete Mathematics | Propositional and first-order log c. Sets, relations, functions, partial orders and lattices, groups. Graphs: connectivity, matching, colors g. Combinatorics: counting, recurrence relations, generating functions. |
| Digital Logic | Boolean algebra. Combinational and sequential circuits. Minimization n. Number representation and computer arithmetic (fixed and floating-point). |
| Computer Organization and Architecture | Machine instructions and addressing modes. Assembly language. ALU, data path and control un t. Instruction pipelining g. Memory hierarchy: cache, main memory and secondary storage, e. I/O interface (interrupt and DMA mode. RISC, CISC, parallel architectures. |
| Engineering Mathematics | Linear Algebra: Matrices, Determinants, a system of linear equations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, LU decomposition, orthonormal bases, Transforms – Fourier, DCT, wavelets. Calculus: Limits, continuity, differentiability, maxima and minima, mean value theorem, integration. Vector calculus – gradient, divergence, curl, integral theorems. Probability: Random variables, probability distributions – uniform, normal, exponential, Poisson, binomial. Mean, median, mode, standard deviation n. Conditional probability and Bayes theorem. Information theory: Shannon entropy, information, conditional information. |
The DRDO Scientist B syllabus 2022 for Computer Science Engineering Part-II includes topics from different sections such as compiler design, operating systems, theory of computation, etc. Let us check the important topics included in the syllabus given below.
| Sections | Topics Involved |
| Operating System | Processes, threads, inter‐process communication, concurrency and synchronization, deadlock. CPU scheduling. Memory management and virtual memo y. File systems. Virtual machines and hypervisors. Secure operating systems. |
| Databases ER‐model | Relational model: relational algebra, tuple calculus, S. Integrity constrain s. Normal for s. File organization, indexing (e.g., B and B+ tree. Transactions and concurrency controls. |
| Compiler design | Lexical analysis, parsing, syntax‐directed translation. Runtime environments, intermediate code generation. |
| Security of Cyber-Systems | Cybersecurity principles, Kerberos, RADIUS, secure protocols (IPSec, SSH, SSL), basics of the public key and private key cryptography, hash functions, blockchains, digital signatures, and certificates s. Firewalls, intrusion detection systems, basics of IoT security and Cloud security. Threats, vulnerabilities, malicious software. Attacks: buffer overflow, DoS, DDoS, SQL injection, web application attacks |
| Theory of Computation | Regular expressions and finite automata a. Context‐free grammars and push‐down automata a. Regular and context‐free languages, pumping LEM. Turing machines and undecidability. |
| Computer Networks | Concept of layering, OSI mod l. LAN technologies (Ethernet ). Flow and error control techniques, switching. IPv4 / IPv6, routers and routing algorithms (distance vector, link stat. TCP/UDP and sockets, congestion control. Application layer protocols (DNS, SMTP, POP, FTP, HTTP). Basics of WiFi. |
The DRDO Scientist B syllabus 2022 for Electrical Engineering consists of the following topics in the recruitment examination-
The DRDO Scientist B syllabus 2022 for Instrumentation Engineering consists of the following topics.
The Logical Relations section of the DRDO Scientist B syllabus 2022 consists of various topics given in the table below.
| Logical Relations DRDO Scientist B syllabus 2022 | ||
| Coding-Decoding | Statement and Conclusions | Statement and Assumptions |
| Pattern Series and Sequences | Figure Matrix | Mirror and Water Images |
| Seating Arrangements | Directions | Deductive Reasoning/Statement Analysis |
| Embedded Images | Picture Series and Sequences | Cubes and cuboids |
| Simple equation and age problems | Paper Folding | Data Sufficiency |
| Blood Relations | Artificial Language | Analogies |
The DRDO Scientist B syllabus 2022 consists of topics from the following sections- General Intelligence & Reasoning, English, Numerical Aptitude, General Knowledge, and topics related to the respective Engineering branches.
Candidates need to write to-the-point answers for DRDO mechanical descriptive exam and don't write as if they were writing your semester exams, where people normally try to write as long as possible. Candidates are advised to draw diagrams wherever they can draw.
A subjective written exam similar to UPSC Engineering Service Entrance is to be taken by the candidate for DRDO Scientist B only if you are GATE qualified with a first-class degree. DRDO Scientist B Syllabus 2022 is also the same as ESE 2021 exam.
The examination date for the written examination for DRDO Scientist B Recruitment 2022 is 11 December 2022. The written exam will be held Electronics & Communication Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Civil Engineering branches.
The DRDO Scientist B syllabus 2022 for Instrumentation Engineering consists of the following topics- Analog Electronics, Basics of Circuits and Measurement Systems, Control Systems and Process Control, Digital Electronics, Signals, Systems, and Communications, and more.
The level of questions asked in the engineering services examination is quite higher compared to DRDO written examination. Time management is a big issue in engineering services examination, but in DRDO, it is not that hard to manage time as the length of the solutions to questions is on the lower side compared to ESE.
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