Which of the following is used in pencils? (a) Graphite (b) Silicon (c) Charcoal (d) Phosphorous

Production of Charcoal

The production of charcoal, a lightweight black carbon residue, requires intense burning of wood with little oxygen in order to completely evaporate all water and volatile components. There are two main types of phosphorus:

• White phosphorus
• Red phosphorus

Phosphorus is never discovered as a free element on Earth because of its extreme reactivity. Tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor silicon is a brittle, rigid, crystalline substance with a blue-gray metallic sheen.

Properties of Graphite

• Graphite naturally occurs in the free state, but it can also be manufactured.
• It is an opaque, greyish-black material.
• smoother and more slippery than diamond while being lighter.
• It is a good heat and electrical conductor.
• Sp2 hybridization occurs with carbon atoms.
• It is solid with crystals.
• 1800K is the melting point.
• Non-inflammable.
• due to weak Vander wall forces, it is soft.

Applications of Graphite

• Today, graphite is typically used in the production of steel, brake linings, lubricants, foundry facings, and batteries, to mention a few.
• Graphene, one of the vital parts of graphite, is a well-known strong substance with a number of unique properties. More recent technological developments would be required to extract the component from the carbon crystal.
• The crystal is employed in applications for processing materials at high temperatures, including electrodes and refractories.

Summary:

Which of the following is used in pencils? (a) Graphite (b) Silicon (c) Charcoal (d) Phosphorous

In pencils, graphite is utilised. The hexagonal arrangement of the atoms in graphite, a crystalline form of carbon, gives the material its name. Graphite is the most stable form of carbon in typical conditions. It turns into a diamond when subjected to extremely high pressure and heat