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What are the Controls Affecting the Climate of India?

By BYJU'S Exam Prep

Updated on: November 9th, 2023

The Controls affecting the Climate of India are latitude, altitude, ocean currents, wind and pressure system, relief features, and distance from the sea. India has a tropical climate that is made up of a mix of wet and dry weather. The majority of the interior of the nation experiences a tropical climate that is a mix of wet and dry conditions. A humid tropical climate prevails in the northern regions, and wet tropical regions can be found along the western coast.

Controls Affecting the Climate of India

As the weather is more likely to be warm, sunny, and dry, the best time to visit India is between October and March. The north offers crystal-clear blue skies at this time. While the higher Himalayas can be very cold, they have clearer mountain views and are much cooler in December and January.

  • Latitude: Since the Indian land is separated equally by the Tropic of Cancer, half of India has a sub-tropical climate, whereas the other half has a humid climate.
  • Altitude: The northern part of the country has low temperatures because there are mountains with an average height of 6000 meters. Thus, the Himalayas stop the cold winds from central Asia from entering India. As a result, we have milder winters as compared to Central Asia.
  • Ocean currents: Cold ocean currents decrease the temperature, whereas warm currents will increase the temperature of a region.
  • Pressure and wind system: The Indian subcontinent is situated in an area of north-easterly winds that start from the high-pressure subtropical belt of the equator’s northern side and blow towards the south. Later, they are diverted to one side due to the Coriolis force and move toward the low-pressure zone near the equator.
  • Relief features: These are the boundaries that stop ocean currents from entering the country. For instance, the high mountains act as a barrier between the nation and the hot and cold winds.
  • Distance from the sea: India has an extensive coastline with a maximum elevation of about 30 meters. The regions that are situated closer to the sea are colder in contrast to the interior regions of the country. Hence, with an increase in the distance from the sea, we will experience extreme climate conditions.

Summary:

What are the Controls affecting the Climate of India?

Latitude, altitude, ocean currents, wind and pressure systems, relief features, and distance from the sea are the Controls affecting the Climate of India. India has a tropical climate with alternating dry and wet periods. Half the country has a sub-tropical climate, while the other half has a humid climate. The majority of the country’s interior has a tropical climate with alternating dry and wet periods.

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