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Scheduled Tribes – State Wise List of Scheduled Tribes in India

By BYJU'S Exam Prep

Updated on: November 14th, 2023

Scheduled Tribes are those tribes that are included in schedule 5 of the Indian Constitution under Article 342. The Constitution’s drafters took note of the great social, educational, and economic backwardness experienced by several people in India. To protect the interest and social advancement of scheduled tribes in India, they required particular care. About 8.6% of all Indians are considered to be tribes of India.

The tribes added to schedule 5 in conformity with Article 342 of the Constitution are called Scheduled Tribes in Article 366(25). Many tribes of India have adapted to modern life. However, some tribal groups are still more vulnerable than others. Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs), a distinct category established by the Dhebar Commission in 1973, was renamed “Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)” in 2006.

Scheduled Tribes in India

Although not explicitly stated in the Constitution, the concept of criteria for scheduled tribes in India is now widely accepted among Indian tribes. These Scheduled Tribes are dispersed around the nation, mostly in hilly and forested areas. The criteria to designate a group as one of India’s scheduled tribes are signs of primitive behaviour, a distinctive culture, geographic isolation, reluctance to interact with the wider community and backwardness.

Scheduled Tribes in India PDF

Check more facts about Scheduled tribes in India below:

Scheduled Tribes in India

Total States having STs communities

More than 30 states & UTs had notified STs.

Total number of Scheduled tribes in India

700+.

Population of STs in India

Approximately 10.43 crores. The rural population is approximately 9.38 crores, whereas the Urban population is around 1.05 crores.

Sex Ratio among STs

The overall sex ratio of the ST community is 990. In rural areas, the ratio is 991, and in urban areas, it is only 980.

States/UTs with no STs

There are five states or UT which do not have STs. These are Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana, NCT of Delhi, and Puducherry.

Scheduled Tribes in India: Article 342

Article 342 of the Indian Constitution pertains to the provisions regarding the Scheduled Tribes of India. This article enables the President of India to specify the tribal communities deemed to be Scheduled Tribes. The President can also make additions or deletions to the Scheduled Tribes as he/she deems fit.

Scheduled Tribes in India are groups of people identified by the Indian government as having unique cultural identities and a history of social, economic, and political disadvantage. As a result, they are given special protections and benefits, such as reserved seats in education and government jobs.

Furthermore, there are over 700 different tribal communities recognised as Scheduled Tribes in India across the country. Some of the well-known tribes include Adivasis in central and eastern India, Gonds in central India, Bhils in western India, and Santhals in eastern India. Lastly, the provisions of Article 342 aim to provide a constitutional framework for the protection and upliftment of the Scheduled Tribes in India.

Specification of a Community as Scheduled Tribes in India

The scheduled tribes of India are the indigenous, or aboriginal, inhabitants of the country who are said to have inhabited the Indian Peninsula at an early date. Their common name, Adivasis, connotes that they are the original occupants. Numerous Indian tribes are mentioned in ancient and medieval literature.

The following are these communities’ fundamental traits:

  • Basic Characteristics
  • Solitude due to the location
  • Different cultures
  • Avoiding social interaction with the general public
  • Economically sluggish

The Plan’s goal of empowering India’s tribes is accomplished through a three-pronged method of social empowerment, economic empowerment, and social justice, just like it was for the SCs.

State-wise List of Scheduled Tribes in India

Around 30 States and UTs have notified the Scheduled Tribes, and 705 distinct ethnic groups have received notification as Scheduled Tribes. Below is a list of all the Scheduled Tribes in each State and UT. Below the table, candidates can access the PDF of the complete list of STs by state:

State/UTs

List of STs

State/UTs

List of STs

Andhra Pradesh

34

Sikkim

4

Gujarat

32

Madhya Pradesh

46

Assam

14

Uttar Pradesh

16

Jammu & Kashmir

12

Manipur

34

Chattisgarh

42

Andaman & Nicobar Islands

6

Goa

8

Mizoram

15

Telangana

32

Uttarakhand

5

Himachal Pradesh

10

Odisha

62

Kerala

43

Karnataka

50

Jharkhand

32

Meghalaya

17

Tamil Nadu

36

Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu

12

Tripura

19

Maharashtra

47

Nagaland

5

West Bengal

40

Arunachal Pradesh

16

Rajasthan

12

Bihar

33

In general, the scattered tribes of Andaman and Nicobar, Central India, and the Northern and North-Eastern regions of the world are home to the Scheduled tribes. In Central India, which includes Madhya Pradesh (14.69%), Jharkhand (8.29%), Chhattisgarh (7.5%), Maharashtra (10.08%), Andhra Pradesh (5.7%), Gujarat (8.55%), Orissa (9.2%), and Rajasthan (8.86%), more than half of the Scheduled Tribe population resides. The North East is another different region (Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, Sikkim, Tripura, and Arunachal Pradesh).

Only seven States of India, i.e., Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Orissa, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, and Chhattisgarh, are home to more than two-thirds of the nation’s tribes. No Scheduled Tribe has been designated in 3 States (Delhi NCR, Punjab, and Haryana) and 2 UTs (Puducherry and Chandigarh).

State

Tribes of India

Andhra Pradesh

Andh And Sadhu Andh, Dhulia, rona, Jatapus, Kolam, Thoti, Bhaghata, Goundu, Kammara, Gond, Savaras, Bhil, Dabba Yerukula, Nakkala, Gadabas, Sugalis, Chenchus A.k.a Chenchawar, Pardhan, Kattunayakan, Manna Dhora

Arunachal Pradesh

Singpho, Abor, Sherdukpen, Monpa, Galo, Apatanis

Assam

Khasis, Hajong, Chakma, Gangte, Garos, Dimasa, Chutiya

Bihar

Gond, Santhals, Birjia, Savar, Parhaiya, Asur, Chero, Birhor, Baiga

Chhattisgarh

Nagasia, Biar, Agariya, Bhattra, Khond, Mawasi, Bhaina,

Goa

Varli, Dubia, Dhodia, Naikda. Siddi

Gujarat

Patelia, Charan, Bhil, Bamcha, Barda, Dhodia, Paradhi, Gamta

Himachal Pradesh

Swangal, Lahaulas, Gujjars, Khas, Lamba, Pangwala, Gaddis

Jammu and Kashmir

Balti, Sippi, Gaddi, Bakarwal, Purigpa, Garra, Beda, Mon

Jharkhand

Gonds, Savar, Santhals, Birhors, Khaira, Mundas, Bhumji

Karnataka

Gond, Adiyan, Patelia, Yerava, Bhil, Barda, Koraga, Iruliga,

Kerala

Malai, Aarayan, Uralis, Kurumbas, Arandan, Arandan, Eranvallan

Madhya Pradesh

Bhils, Birhors, Kharia, Kol, Baigas, Murias, Katkari, Khond, Bharia, Gonds

Maharashtra

Warlis, Rathawa, Bhaina, Bhunjia, Katkari, Khond, Dhodia

Manipur

Thadou, Maram, Aimol, Paite, Purum, Kuki, Chiru, Monsang, Angami

Meghalaya

Pawai, Hajong, Chakma, Raba, Garos, Lakher, Jaintias Khasis

Mizoram

Dimasa, Chakma, Raba, Synteng, Lakher, Khasi, Kuki, Pawai.

Nagaland

Nagas, Sema, Angami, Garo, Kachari, Kuki, Mikir

Odisha

Gadaba, Kharia, Ghara, Oraons, Khond, Matya, Rajuar, Santhals

Rajasthan

Bhils, Damaria, Meenas(Minas), Patelia, Dhanka, Sahariya

Sikkim

Bhutia, Khas, Lepchas.

Tamil Nadu

Adiyan, Kanikar, Aranadan, Kadar, Eravallan, Kotas, Todas, Irular

Telangana

Chenchus.

Tripura

Bhil, Chakma, Bhutia, Halam, Lushai, Chaimal, Mizel, Khasia, Namte

Uttarakhand

Bhotias, Buksa, Khas, Raji, Jannsari, Tharu.

Uttar Pradesh

Bhotia, Buksa, Jaunsari, Kol, Raji, Tharu.

West Bengal

Asur, Santhals, Khond, Ho, Parhaiya, Hajong, Rabha, Savar.

Andaman and Nicobar

Oraons, Sentinelese, Onges, Shompens.

Little Andaman

Jarawa

North-East

Abhors, Mishimi, Chang, Galaong, Singpho, Wancho.

State-Wise Scheduled Tribes in India – Download PDF

Problems faced by Scheduled Tribes in India

Scheduled Tribes in India are communities that have a distinct cultural identity and a history of social, economic and political disadvantage. Hence, they require special measures for their protection and development. Here are some major problems faced by the Scheduled Tribes in India.

  • Poverty: A large proportion of tribals live below the poverty line with limited access to basic amenities, healthcare and education.
  • Education: Tribals have lower levels of literacy and educational attainment compared to the general population.
  • Health: They face challenges in accessing healthcare facilities and suffer from high rates of malnutrition and disease.
  • Unemployment: Unemployment rates are high among tribals, and they are often excluded from mainstream economic activities.
  • Discrimination: They face discrimination and social exclusion, particularly regarding access to justice, political representation, and basic services.
  • Environmental degradation: The traditional habitats and resources of tribals are often threatened by deforestation, mining and other forms of environmental degradation.

Growth of Scheduled Tribes in India

According to the 2011 census, there were 10.43 crore tribals in India or 8.6% of the overall population. 10.03% of people reside in cities, compared to 89.97% in rural areas. Compared to the overall population, tribal populations have grown by 23.66% throughout the decade from Census 2001 to 2011. The sex ratio for the entire population is 940 females to every 1000 males and 990 females to every 1,000 males for Scheduled Tribes.

Census

Total population of Scheduled Tribes in lakhs

Percentage of Scheduled Tribes to Total Population

1951

225

6.23

1961

302

6.87

1971

380

6.94

1981*

538

7.58

1991**

678

8.08

2001

848

8.20

2011

1,043

8.61

Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)

Among the tribal groups, a few are more vulnerable, known as PVTGs (Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups). Due to this fact, the PVTGs need more funding, especially for their growth, as the developed and assertive tribal groups utilise a significant portion of the monies allocated to the development of tribes in India.

PVTG’s Tribes in India PDF

  • Indian government designated 52 tribes as PVTGs in 1975.
  • 23 new tribes were added in 1993.
  • Now, 75 of the 705 Scheduled Tribes are PVTGs.
  • The most significant number of PVTGs are in Odisha. The Odisha government selected an additional 888 villages and hamlets home to PVTGs in 2020.
  • The PVTGs are dispersed among the states and one UT (Union Territory).
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