MPSC Indian National Movement (1905-1917)/ एमपीएससी भारतीय राष्ट्रीय चळवळ (1905-1917)

By Ganesh Mankar|Updated : January 13th, 2022

MPSC Indian National Movement is very important for all MPSC exams. This topic falls under the Modern History subject. In this article, we will see the Indian National Movement for the period of 1905-1917. This topic is very important for the MPSC State Services Prelims Exam, MPSC Combined prelims exam as well as Maharashtra Police Recruitment etc.

Table of Content

Indian National Movement (1905-1917)

Introduction

  • The period from 1905 was known as the era of extremism in the Indian National Movement.
  • The extremists or aggressive nationalists believed that success could be achieved through bold means.
  • The influential extremist leaders were Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Aurobindo Ghosh.

Causes for the Rise of Extremism

  • The failure of the Moderates to win any notable success other than the expansion of the legislative councils by the Indian Councils Act (1892)
  • The famine and plague of 1896-97 affected the whole country, and the suffering of the masses
  • The economic conditions of the people became worse.
  • The ill-treatment of Indians in South Africa is based on the colour of their skin.
  • The immediate cause for the rise of extremism was the reactionary rule of Lord Curzon: He passed the Calcutta Corporation Act (1899), reducing the Indian control of this local body.
  • The Universities Act (1904) reduced the elected members in the University bodies. It also reduced the autonomy of the universities and made their government departments.
  • The Sedition Act and the Official Secrets Act reduced the freedoms of all people.
  • His worst measure was the Partition of Bengal (1905)

Methods used by the extremists

  • Not cooperating with the British Government by boycotting government courts, schools and Colleges.
  • Promotion of Swadeshi and boycott of foreign goods
  • Introduction and promotion of national education.

Leaders of the Extremists

  • The extremists were led by Bala Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal and Aurobindo Ghosh
  • Bal Gangadhar Tilak is regarded as the real founder of the popular anti-British movement in India. He was known as ‘Lokamanya’. He attacked the British through his weeklies, The Maratha and the Kesari. He was jailed twice by the British for his nationalist activities and, in 1908, deported to Mandoli for six years. He set up the Home Rule League in 1916 at Poona and declared, “Swaraj is my birthright, and I will have it.”
  • Lala Lajpat Rai is popularly known as the ‘Lion of Punjab’. He played an important role in the Swadeshi Movement. He founded the Indian Home Rule League in the US in 1916. He was deported to Mandalay on the ground of sedition. He received fatal injuries while leading a procession against the Simon Commission and died on November 17, 1928.
  • Bipin Chandra Pal began his career as a moderate and turned into an extremist.
  • Aurobindo Ghosh was another extremist leader, and he actively participated in the Swadeshi Movement.
  • He was also imprisoned. After his release, he settled in the French territory of Pondicherry and concentrated on spiritual activities.

 PARTITION OF BENGAL (1905)

  • Curzon announced the partition of Bengal.
  • The reason for partition was given as an attempt to improve administration.
  • But the real aim was to ‘Divide and Rule’. The partition was done to create a separate State for Muslims and introduce the poison of communalism in the country.
  • However, the Indians viewed the partition as an attempt by the British to disrupt the growing national movement in Bengal and divide the Hindus and Muslims of the region.
  • Widespread agitation ensued in the streets and the press. People of different parts of India opposed the partition of Bengal all over the country.
  • This opposition was carried on by organized meetings, processions and demonstrations etc. Hindus and Muslims tied ‘rakhi’ in each other’s hands to show their unity and protest.

Swadeshi Movement

  • The Swadeshi Movement involved programmes like the boycott of government service, courts, schools and colleges and foreign goods, Promotion of Swadeshi goods, Promotion of National Education through the establishment of national schools and colleges.
  • It was both a political and economic movement
  • In Bengal, even the landlords joined the movement
  • The women and students took to picketing. Students refused to use books made of foreign paper.
  • Bal Gangadhar Tilak realized the importance of boycott as a weapon that could be used to paralyze the whole British administrative machinery in India.
  • The boycott and Swadeshi movements were instrumental in establishing swadeshi enterprises - textile mills, banks, hosiery, tanneries, chemical works and insurance companies. Swadeshi stores were opened.
  • This made the British reverse the partition of Bengal and united it in 1911.

Hind Swaraj

  • When the movement against the partition of Bengal was at its height, the annual session of the Congress was held at Calcutta in 1906 under the presidentship of Dadabhai Naoroji.
  • This session is significant because of the conciliation between the Moderates and Extremist
  • Congress condemned the Partition of Bengal. In the words of DadaBhai Naoroji, it is a terrible blunder of England.
  • The promotion of education was declared as the aim of Congress.
  • Congress accorded the Swadeshi and the full Boycott support. For the first time, Boycott was authorised to be used as a political weapon.

 To download the PDF, click here:

Indian National Movement (1905-1917), Download PDF in English

To access the content in Marathi, click here:

भारतीय राष्ट्रीय चळवळ (1905-1917)

Other Important Subject Links

Rock System in Maharashtra for MPSC Study Notes

एमपीएससी संविधानाची ऐतिहासिक उत्क्रांती 2021- Historical Evolution of the Constitution in Marathi

Soil in Maharashtra for MPSC Study Notes

एमपीएससी भारताची किनारपट्टी फॉर पंसक एक्साम 2021- Coastal Plain of India for MPSC in Marathi

एमपीएससी महाराष्ट्रातील प्रशासकीय एकके- Administrative Units of Maharashtra for MPSC in Marathi

महाराष्ट्राचा भूगोल एमपीएससी परीक्षा 2021- Geography of Maharashtra for MPSC in Marathi

Geography of Maharashtra Study Notes for MPSC Exam 2021

एमपीएससी भारतीय राज्यघटनेची निर्मिती 2021- Making of the Indian Constitution for MPSC in Marathi

एमपीएससी संविधानाची ऐतिहासिक उत्क्रांती 2021- Historical Evolution of the Constitution in Marathi

एमपीएससी यूरोपीयनांचे भारतातील आगमन 2021- Arrival of Europeans in India for MPSC in Marathi

एमपीएससी विद्युतधारा 2021- Current Electricity for MPSC State Exams in Marathi

Current Electricity Study Notes for MPSC State Exam 2021

Sound Study Notes for MPSC State Exam 2021

एमपीएससी ध्वनी 2021- Sound for MPSC in Marathi

Light Study Notes of Physics for MPSC State Exam 2021

एमपीएससी भारतातील बेरोजगारी आणि दारिद्रय 2021- Unemployment and Poverty in India for MPSC in Marathi

एमपीएससी महाराष्ट्राची 'जलप्रणाली' 2021- Drainage System of Maharashtra for MPSC in Marathi

एमपीएससी प्रकाश 2021- Light for MPSC State Exam in Marathi

More From Us:

MPSC Rajyaseva 30 Days Study Plan 

MPSC Current Affairs 2021: Download in Marathi & English

Important Government Schemes For MPSC 

NCERT Books for MPSC State Exam 2021

Maharashtra State Board Books PDF

MPSC GK Study Material: Complete Notes for MPSC Exam [Free]

Download BYJU'S Exam Prep App

byjusexamprep Daily, Monthly, Yearly Current Affairs Digest, Daily Editorial Analysis, Free PDF's & more, Join our Telegram Group Join Now

Comments

write a comment

Follow us for latest updates