UPSC Mains Syllabus 2022
The IAS Mains syllabus is vast, therefore it is important to understand the basic structure and the papers in the Mains Exam. The first two papers - Indian Language and English are qualifying papers and will not be included while preparing the merit list.
It is also important to note that UPSC Prelims Syllabus has an overlap with the mains syllabus hence. note the similarities to prepare in a strategic manner. The following syllabus is included in UPSC Mains Syllabus
- UPSC Mains Language Paper Syllabus
- UPSC Mains Paper 1 Syllabus
- UPSC Mains Paper 2 Syllabus
- UPSC Mains Syllabus Paper 3
- UPSC Mains Syllabus Paper 4
- UPSC Mains Paper 5 Syllabus
- UPSC Mains Optional Syllabus
When preparing for the IAS exam, candidates must prepare for both prelims and mains syllabus simultaneously. Also, prepare the UPSC CSAT Syllabus as the paper is qualifying in nature and if failed, the aspirant is out of the competition.
UPSC Mains Syllabus 2022 PDF
UPSC Mains Syllabus PDF is available on the official website of UPSC. However, the candidates can also download the syllabus in PDF format directly from the link given below. Candidates preparing for the upcoming UPSC Exam must analyze the syllabus to create an efficient study plan and preparation strategy.
>>UPSC Mains Syllabus PDF Download In English
>>UPSC Mains Syllabus PDF In Hindi
The main goal of the syllabus of the UPSC Mains exam is to understand the ability of the candidates whether they have the intellectual ability to present the answer in the best possible way in a limited time. In this post, we are going to cover the paper-wise UPSC Mains Syllabus 2022.
UPSC Mains Syllabus for Qualifying Papers
The language papers of the UPSC Mains Syllabus 2022 include Indian Language (Paper A) and English (Paper B). These two papers are qualifying in nature and the candidates must score 25% or above to qualify in these papers. If the candidate scores less than 25% marks either in these papers their other answer sheet won’t get evaluated.
- UPSC Mains Indian Language Syllabus: Comprehension, Precis Writing, Usage and Vocabulary and Short Essays.
- UPSC Mains Compulsory English Syllabus: Comprehension of a given passage, Precis Writing, Short Essays, Usage and Vocabulary, Translation from English to the Indian Language, and vice-versa
UPSC Mains Syllabus for Essay Paper
UPSC Mains Paper 1 Essay Syllabus is not explicitly defined. The Essay Paper in the UPSC Mains can be from any niche, and candidates need to focus only on the main topic while writing the essay, and clearly note down their ideas, Candidates will get a list of topics and they need to choose two of them to write two essays with a total of 250 marks.
UPSC Mains Syllabus for GS 1 (Paper 2)
UPSC Mains GS Paper 2 syllabus includes topics such as history, geography, Indian heritage culture, and society. Download UPSC Mains GS Paper 2 Syllabus PDF to have a better understanding.
UPSC Mains Syllabus GS 1 | |
IAS Mains Syllabus for Indian Culture | Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times |
UPSC Mains GS 1 History syllabus - Modern Indian | Significant personalities, events, and issues during the middle eighteenth century(the 1750s) until the present. Different stages and the important contributions and contributors from various locations of the country in “The Freedom Struggle” Post-Independence reorganization and consolidation within the country. |
UPSC Mains World History Syllabus | Forms, events, and effects of society since the 18th-century decolonization World wars, Industrial revolution, Colonization, redraw of national boundaries, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism, etc. |
Indian Society UPSC Mains Syllabus | Indian society and diversity- Salient aspects Social empowerment, regionalism & secularism, communalism Role of women and women’s organizations, poverty and developmental issues, population and associated issues, urbanization, their problems, and remedies. Effects of globalization on Indian society |
UPSC Mains Syllabus Geography | Important Geophysical phenomena such as Tsunami, Volcanic activity, earthquakes, cyclones, etc. Distribution of key natural resources across the world including the Indian sub-continent, and South Asia: factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in various regions of the world including India. Salient features of the world’s physical geography Geographical features and their location, changes in critical geographical features, and in flora and fauna, and bad impact of these changes. |
UPSC Mains Syllabus for GS 2 (Paper 3)
UPSC Mains general studies paper 3 syllabus is about Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice, and International Relations. Unlike GS 1, this paper requires analytical thinking and correlation between different topics. The IAS Mains syllabus for GS Paper 2 is mostly covered by Laxmikant. Download UPSC Mains GS Paper 2 Syllabus PDF to get started.
The concise form of the UPSC mains GS 2 syllabus and important topics to be covered are mentioned below.
UPSC Mains Syllabus GS 2 | |
UPSC Mains Syllabus for Polity | Indian Constitution, Features of Indian Constitution, Amendments in Indian Constitution, Provisions, Constitutional and non-constitutional bodies |
UPSC Mains Governance Syllabus | Government policies and interventions, Governance, Transparency, Accountability, E-governance applications |
Social Justice | Issues relating to the development and management of Social Sector/Services, Issues relating to poverty and hunger |
IAS Mains Syllabus for International Relations | Bilateral Groupings, Regional and global groupings, Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests |
IAS Mains Syllabus for GS 3 (Paper 4)
UPSC Mains General Studies Paper 3 syllabus includes the following subjects
- Technology
- Economic Development
- Biodiversity, Environment
- Security and Disaster Management
GS Paper 3 also requires consistent correlation with the current affairs as the questions asked usually demand analysis of the static topic with the current events. The detailed UPSC mains syllabus for GS Paper 3 including all topics is mentioned below.
UPSC Mains Syllabus for Economics
- Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development, and employment.
- Government Budgeting.
- Infrastructure – Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways, etc.
- Investment models (PPP etc)
- Inclusive growth and associated issues/challenges
- Effects of liberalization on the economy (post-1991 changes), changes in industrial policy, and their effects on industrial growth.
Syllabus for UPSC Mains Agriculture
- Major cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers
- Economics of animal rearing.
- Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions
- Food processing and related industries in India – scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
- Land reforms in India.
IAS Mains Syllabus for Science and Technology
- Indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
- Recent developments and their applications and effects in everyday life
- Achievements of Indians in science & technology.
- General awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, Robotics, Nanotechnology, biotechnology
- Issues relating to intellectual property rights
UPSC Mains Environment Syllabus
- Conservation,
- Environmental Pollution, and degradation
- Environmental impact assessment
UPSC Mains Syllabus for Internal Security and Disaster Management
- Disaster Management (Laws, Acts, etc.)
- Challenges to internal security (external state and non-state actors)
- Linkages between development and spread of extremism
- Basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention
- Challenges to internal security through communication networks, the role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges,
- Security challenges, and their management in border areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism
- Various Security forces and agencies and their mandates
UPSC Mains Syllabus for Ethics (GS 4)
The IAS Mains syllabus for Paper 4 is the ethics syllabus. The Ethics paper aims to evaluate the candidate’s sense of cultural and social ethics. Here the candidates will get questions that will check the candidates’ responses and attitudes towards the social issues along with their problem-solving ability.
Below we have mentioned the complete UPSC ethics syllabus below.
UPSC Mains Syllabus for GS 4 - Ethics | |
UPSC Syllabus For Ethics |
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Integrity |
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GS 4 Syllabus UPSC- Aptitude |
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UPSC Mains Syllabus For Optional Subjects
The candidate needs to choose one optional subject out of 48 given subjects for the optional paper of the UPSC Mains examination. Candidates have to give two papers on that chosen subject and each paper includes 250 marks. The candidates need to choose the right subject based on their strengths.
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UPSC Mains Syllabus - Preparation Tips
The syllabus for the IAS Mains exam is vast and exhaustive therefore it is very important to have a strategic plan to complete the syllabus in a timely fashion. To begin with, candidates must analyze the syllabus along with the UPSC question papers to learn what kinds of questions are asked and the weightage of various topics.
- Prepare for the GS papers alongside the optional papers. Divide your day plan to give equal weightage to both.
- After covering an important topic, try writing an answer for a question asked in the UPSC mains exam.
- Always cover and correlate current affairs with the static portion of the syllabus while preparing.
- Revision is the most important part of the UPSC mains preparation.
- Keep practicing with mains answer writing and mock test.
Best Books to cover UPSC Mains Syllabus
Below mentioned are some of the basic books required to complete the GS portion of the UPSC mains syllabus.
Books for UPSC Mains syllabus for GS Paper 1
- Ancient India by RS Sharma
- India After Independence by Bipan Chandra
- India’s Struggle for Independence by Bipan Chandra
- History of Medieval India by Satish Chandra
- History NCERts
- Geography of India - Majid Hussain
- World Geography- Majid Hussain
- Oxford Atlas
- Central Physical and Human Geography by GC Leong
- Geography NCERTs (Class XI and XII)
Books for UPSC Mains syllabus for GS Paper 2
- Indian Polity by M Laxmikanth
- Constitution of India by DD Basu
- India’s Foreign Policy by Rajiv Sikri
Books for UPSC Mains syllabus for GS Paper 3
- Indian Economy by Ramesh Singh
- Annual Budget
- Indian Economic Survey
Books for UPSC Mains syllabus for GS Paper 4
- Ethics Integrity and Aptitude by Lexicon
- Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude by Subba Rao and PN Rao Chaudhry
UPSC Books
| Important UPSC Topics | |
| UPSC Admit Card | UPSC Exam Date |
| UPSC Notification | UPSC Eligibility |
| UPSC Online Application | UPSC Exam Pattern |
| UPSC Results | IPS Salary |
| UPSC Cut Off | UPSC Preparation Strategy |
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