Differentiate between Prosthetic Group and Co Enzyme
By BYJU'S Exam Prep
Updated on: September 13th, 2023
The Difference between Prosthetic group and Co-enzyme is based on their composition and how they form bonds with enzymes. The prosthetic group may be a metal or a small organic molecule that is strongly attached to the structure of the enzyme through a covalent or non-covalent bond. In contrast, a coenzyme is a small organic molecule attached to the enzyme.
Table of content
Difference between Prosthetic Group and Co Enzyme
Two categories of cofactors that support the operation of the enzymes are the prosthetic group and coenzyme. The major differences between the prosthetic group and the coenzyme are given in the table below:
| Term | Prosthetic group | Coenzyme |
| Definition | Prosthetic group is a helper molecule (Non-proteinaceous type of compound) that assists enzymes in performing their functions. | Coenzyme is a distinct type of cofactor (an organic molecule) that assists enzymes in catalyzing chemical reactions. |
| Bond with Enzymes | They bind covalently or tightly with the enzymes to aid the enzymes | They bind loosely with the active site of the enzyme to help the catalytic function |
| Composition | These are vitamins, metal ions, sugars, or lipids | These are vitamins, nucleotides, or vitamin derivatives |
| Main Function | It provides a structural property to the enzyme | It provides a functional property to enzyme |
| Removal from enzyme | It cannot be removed from enzymes easily | Can be removed from enzymes easily |
| Example | Include heme and flavin nucleotides | Include ATP, AMP, FAD, coenzyme A, NAD+, and S- adenosyl methionine |
Prosthetic Group vs Coenzyme
Prosthetic group, except for ribozymes, which are catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are composed of polypeptide chains. Most enzymes require cofactors, or non-protein groups, for their biological activity. Known as an inactive apoenzyme, the enzyme’s protein component is a component.
- The holoenzyme is a conjugated enzyme that is fully formed, biologically active, and active.
- Atoms, chemical groups, and electrons are transported by coenzymes.
- Transport is used to move substrates from the point of production to the point of use.
- For instance, the coenzyme NAD, which is involved in the oxidation-reduction reactions of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle in respiration, alternates between NADH, the reduced form, and NAD+, which is the oxidized form.
Summary:
Differentiate between Prosthetic Group and Co-Enzyme
The Differentiate between Prosthetic Group and Co Enzyme is established in contrast to a coenzyme, which is a small organic molecule attached to the enzyme, a prosthetic group is a metal or small organic molecule that is firmly attached to the structure of the enzyme through a covalent or non-covalent bond.
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