Through Champion Study Plan for GATE Civil Engineering(CE) 2022, we are providing very useful basic notes and other important resources on every topic of each subject. These topic-wise notes are useful for the preparation of various upcoming exams like GATE Civil Engineering(CE)/ IES/ BARC/ ISRO/ VIZAG/ DMRC/ SSC-JE/ State Engineering Services examinations and other important upcoming competitive exams.
The article contains fundamental notes on the "Quality of Water" topic of the "Environmental Engineering" subject.
Quality of Water
Total Solid and Suspended Solid
Acceptable limit of total solid = 500 mg/lit
Threshold odour number
where TON = Threshold odor number
constituents of Alkalinity
Major sources 
Minor sources 
(a)
Equivalent weight of
(b)
(c)
where,
Value of water
For strong acid.
For strong base
For neutral solution
Hardness of water
where,
(a)
Where,
atomic weight of Ca = 40
atomic weight of Mg = 24
atomic weight of O = 16
atomic weight C = 12
valency of Ca = 2
Valency of Mg = 2
(b) 
(c) 
Note: -ve value is taken as zero.
(d) Hardness
Household supplies limit 74-115 mg/l
(e) The acceptable limit of hardness = 200 mg/lit as 
and cause of rejection is 600 mg/lit as 
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
whereof 5 days
Loss of oxygen in mg/lit.
Initial dissolved oxygen concentration in the diluted sample.
Final dissolved oxygen concentration in the diluted sample.
(After 5 day of incubation of 20oC)
· Turbidity>5 units–detectable by naked eye.
· In Nephlometer, turbidity is expressed in FTU.
Biological WQP
Testing of Colliforms is done
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