Important Environment treaty/Convention/Protocols Part-II for UGC NET Paper-1

Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)

• It is brought to ensure the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components. 
• It entered into force on 29 December 1993.
• It also aimed to promote a fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources.
• Nagoya Protocol and Cartagena Protocol were introduced for achieving the aims of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
• India is one of the earliest signatories of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and became Party in early 1994.

Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000)

• It is an international treaty that seeks to protect biological diversity from the potential risks posed by living modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology.
• It was adopted on 29 January 2000 as a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity and entered into force on 11 September 2003.

Nagoya Protocol (2010)

• It is a protocol on access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
• It is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
• The Protocol was adopted on 29 October 2010 in Nagoya, Aichi Province, Japan, and entered into force on 12 October 2014.

UN Convention to Combat Desertification (1994)

• The United Nation Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) was adopted in Paris on 17 June 1994 and comes into effect on 29 December 1996.
• The objective of the UNCCD is to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought in countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification.

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)

• The objectives of the treaty are to ensure, that the international trade in species of wild fauna and flora does not threaten the conservation of the species concerned.
• It aims to protect certain endangered species from over-exploitation by means of a system of import-export.
• CITES was adopted in Washington DC in 1973 and entered into force on 1 July 1975.

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