Important Environment Treaty/Convention/Protocols Part-I for UGC NET 2022

By Mohit Choudhary|Updated : February 11th, 2023

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Important Environment treaty/Convention/Protocols

Part-I

Vienna Convention (1985) - This Convention is for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and opens for signature at Vienna from 22 March 1985 to 21 September 1985. It provided frameworks for international reductions in the production of chlorofluorocarbons. India joined it in 1991.

Geneva Convention (1979) - This is a Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, it is intended to protect the human environment against air pollution. It aims at gradually reduce and prevent air pollution, including long-range transboundary air pollution. India is not a member of this Convention.

Helsinki Protocol (1985) - This Convention was signed with the objective of reducing Sulphur emission. It was Part of Geneva Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. The agreement provided for a 30 per cent reduction in sulphur emissions or transboundary fluxes by 1993. India is not a party to this Convention.

Montreal Protocol (1987) - This Protocol is an extension to the Vienna Convention for Protection Of Ozone Layer. It was signed in 1987. It is a landmark agreement which has successfully reduced the global production, consumption, and emissions of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). India joined it in 1992.

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) - It is an international environmental treaty on Climate Change(UNFCCC). It was negotiated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), held in Rio de Janeiro. India is a Non-Annex I type party to this convention.

Kyoto Protocol (1997) - It is an international treaty among industrialized nations that sets mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions. I came into effect in 2005. The Kyoto Protocol is based on the principle of “common but differentiated responsibility and respective capabilities”. It is part of UNFCCC India ratified it in 2002.

Paris Agreement (2016) -The Paris Agreement sets out a global framework to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. It is an agreement within the UNFCCC. It introduced the idea of Nationally determined contribution (NDC). India ratified it in 2016.

Important Environment treaty/Convention/Protocols Part-II

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