(For Laminar flow)
(iii) 
Where, 
Seepage velocity
Porosity.
(iv) 
Where,
Constant having value 400.
Hydraulic gradient
Effective size of soil particle
Dynamic viscosity.
(v) 
Where,
Shape factor (which is a function of porosity), packing and grain size distribution).
Average size of particle.
Kinematic viscosity.
Specific yield
Where, 
Specific yield.
Volume of water yielded under gravity effect.
Total volume of water drained.
Specific retention
Where, 
Specific retention.
Volume of water retain under gravity effect.
Total volume of water.
Where, 
Porosity.
Slot Opening
Slot size 
of D10 of gravel pack material.
Slot size 
of aquifer design on the basis of finest aquifer.
Pack Aquifer Ratio (P.A)
Well Losses
Jacob-equilibrium formula for confined aquifer,
Where,
Drawdown in observation well after time t.
Radial distance of observation well from main pump well.
Coefficient of transmissibility = k.d
Coefficient of storage.
Drawdown of observation well at time 
Drawdown of observation well at time 
Where,
and 
is the distance of drawdown in time 
and 
respectively.
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