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Candidates preparing for their CSIR UGC NET exam might need to get some short study notes and strategies to apply while preparing for the key exam of their life. At this point of time, We at BYJU'S Exam Prep come up with short notes on the Molecular Spectroscopy, which comes under the part, i.e., Physical Chemistry of the Chemical Science syllabus.
Our experienced subject-matter experts have meticulously designed this set of short notes for Molecular Spectroscopy to give you the most standard set of study materials to focus upon. In this cut-throat competitive world, students need to prepare themselves with the best study materials to help them learn and for their future. Here we are offering the best study notes that are reliable and can be used by the students during their preparations for the upcoming CSIR-NET 2021 exam.
Molecular Spectroscopy
In molecular spectroscopy, the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with materials takes place. This interaction produces a spectrum that is helpful in determining structure or composition.
In this, either absorption or emission occurs as molecules undergo a transition from one level to another. The mechanism involved is very complicated.
Mainly two primary interactions are involved in molecular spectroscopy, and these are:
- Force attraction (both repulsive and attractive) and Internal motion of nuclear framework
- Interaction of nuclear magnetic and electrostatic moments
Let us discuss both points in detail.
Interaction can be divided into three categories:
- Electronic- Involves kinetic and potential energy
- Vibrational- It arises due to the motion of nuclei within the framework of the molecule
- Rotational- In the presence of a gas phase, a molecule can undergo free rotation
- Translational- If there is a change in the center of gravity, molecules possess translation energy.
Different types of spectroscopies are associated with different interactions, and these are Visible, IR, UV, Raman, microwave, ESR, NMR, NQR.
Basis for molecular spectroscopy:
It depends on the excitation of molecules and atoms by photons. Depending on nature, molecules can excite either resonant vibration or electronic transitions. When a molecule undergoes vibrational transition, it appears in the IR region. The electronic transition occurs when a change in the electronic state of an atom/molecule is there, and it appears in the UV-visible region.
Generally, molecular spectroscopy is referred to as absorption because it measures energy loss.
Born -Oppenheimer approximation:
According to this approximation, the total energy of a molecule is:
Total energy= Translational+vibrational+rotational+electronic
As translational energy is minimal, so, it can be neglected, the above expression becomes:
Total energy= vibrational+rotational+electronic
Importance of molecular spectroscopy:
- It is considered to be an important tool for the identification and analysis of materials.
- It has very much importance in various fields of detection.
- It provides a precise method in finding constituents in material with unknown chemical composition.
Download PDF for Short Notes on Molecular Spectroscopy
Also Read :
CSIR NET Chemical Science - Short Notes on Organometallic Compounds
CSIR NET Chemical Sciences: Short Notes on Soft Acid-Base Concept!
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