CSIR JRF GATE Syllabus 2023
The exam paper duration will be 3 hours, and it will be based on online mode (CBT) only. Acknowledging the CSIR JRF syllabus will help you better understand the nature and the structure of the exam. There will be two sections in each paper; General Aptitude and Specific Subject. We are going to provide you with the syllabus for the following subjects mentioned below:
1. Biotechnology
2. Chemical Engineering
3. Chemistry
4. XL Chemistry Syllabus
5. XL Biochemistry Syllabus
6. XL Botany
7. XL Microbiology
8. XL Food Technology
9. XL Zoology
Check the syllabus mentioned below:
CSIR JRF Through GATE: Biotechnology
The GАTE 2022 Biotechnology syllаbus inсludes 7 main seсtiоns. Check the detailed syllabus for GATE Biotechnology mentioned below:
| Section | Topics | Subtopics |
| General Aptitude | Verbal Aptitude | Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech, Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context, Reading and comprehension, Narrative sequencing. |
| Quantitative Aptitude | Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables, Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series, Mensuration and geometry, Elementary statistics and probability. | |
| Analytical Aptitude | Logic: Deduction and induction, Analogy, Numerical relations and reasoning. | |
| Engineering Mathematics | Calculus | Limits, continuity, and differentiability; partial derivatives, maxima and minima; sequences and series; test for convergence |
| Probability And Statistics | Mean, median, mode, and standard deviation; random variables; Poisson, normal, and binomial distributions; correlation and regression analysis | |
| General biology | Biochemistry | Biomolecules-structure and function; biological membranes-structure, membrane channels, and pumps, molecular motors, action potential and transport processes; basic concepts and regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, Amino acids and nucleic acids; photosynthesis, respiration, and electron transport chain, Enzymes-classification, catalytic, and regulatory strategies; enzyme kinetics-Michaelis-Menten equation; enzyme inhibition-competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive inhibition |
| Immunology | Innate and adaptive immunity, humoral and cell-mediated immunity; antibody structure and function; molecular basis of antibody diversity; T cell and B cell development; antigen-antibody reaction; complement; primary and secondary lymphoid organs, Major histocompatibility complex (MHC); antigen processing and presentation; polyclonal and monoclonal antibody; regulation of immune response; immune tolerance; hypersensitivity; autoimmunity; graft versus host reaction; immunization and vaccines. | |
| Bioprocess engineering and process biotechnology | Bioreactor Engineering | Rate law, zero, and first-order kinetics; ideal reactors-batch, mixed flow and plug flow; enzyme immobilization, diffusion effects-Thiele modulus, effectiveness factor, Damkohler number; kinetics of cell growth, Substrate utilization and product formation; structured and unstructured models; batch, fed-batch, and continuous processes; microbial and enzyme reactors; optimization and scale up. |
| Instrumentation And Process Control | Pressure, temperature, and flow measurement devices; valves; first order and second order systems; feedback and feed-forward control; types of controllers-proportional, derivative, and integral control, tuning of controllers | |
| Plant, animal, and microbial biotechnology | Plants | Totipotency; regeneration of plants; plant growth regulators and elicitors; tissue culture and cell suspension culture system-methodology, the kinetics of growth and nutrient optimization; production of secondary metabolites; hairy root culture, Plant products of industrial importance; artificial seeds; somaclonal variation; protoplast, protoplast fusion-somatic hybrid and cybrid; transgenic plants-direct and indirect methods of gene transfer techniques; selection marker and reporter gene, Plastid transformation |
| Microbes | Production of biomass and primary/ secondary metabolites-biofuels, bioplastics, industrial enzymes, antibiotics; large-scale production and purification of recombinant proteins and metabolites; clinical-, food-, and industrial microbiology, Screening strategies for new products | |
| Genetics, cellular, and molecular biology | Cell Biology | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure; cell cycle and cell growth control; cell-cell communication; cell signalling and signal transduction; post-translational modifications; protein trafficking; cell death and autophagy; extra-cellular matrix |
| Molecular Biology | Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes; mutations and mutagenesis; regulation of gene expression; nucleic acid-replication, transcription, splicing, translation and their regulatory mechanisms; Non-coding and micro RNA; RNA interference, DNA damage and repair. | |
| Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology | Upstream And Downstream Processing | Media formulation and optimization; sterilization of air and media; filtration-membrane filtration, ultrafiltration; centrifugation-high speed and ultra; cell disruption; principles of chromatography-ion exchange, gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction, Affinity, GC, HPLC, and FPLC; extraction, adsorption, and drying. |
| Bioreaction Engineering | Rate law, zero, and first-order kinetics; ideal reactors-batch, mixed flow and plug flow; enzyme immobilization, diffusion effects-Thiele modulus, effectiveness factor, Damkohler number; kinetics of cell growth, Substrate utilization and product formation; structured and unstructured models; batch, fed-batch, and continuous processes; microbial and enzyme reactors; optimization and scale up. | |
| Fundamentals of biological engineering | Transport Process | Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, fluid flow-laminar and turbulent; mixing in bioreactors, mixing time; molecular diffusion and film theory; oxygen transfer and uptake in a bioreactor, kLa and its measurement; conductive and convective heat transfer, LMTD, Overall heat transfer coefficient; heat exchangers |
| Classic Thermodynamics and Bioenergtics | Laws of thermodynamics; solution thermodynamics; phase equilibrium, reaction equilibrium; ligand binding; membrane potential; energetics of metabolic pathways, oxidation, and reduction reactions |
CSIR JRF Through GATE: Chemical Engineering
Candidates can check the syllabus for Chemical Engineering here.
| Sections | Topics | Subtopics |
| Engineering Mathematics | Differential Equation | First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transforms, Solutions of one-dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace equation |
| Probability and Statistics | Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode and standard deviation, random variables, Poisson, normal and binomial distributions, linear regression analysis | |
| Numerical Methods | Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations, Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rule, Single and multi-step methods for the numerical solution of differential equations. | |
| Process calculations and thermodynamics | Thermodynamics Properties of a pure substance | Equation of state and residual properties |
| Phase Equilibria | Predicting VLE of systems; chemical reaction equilibrium | |
| Properties Of Mixture | Partial molar properties, fugacity, excess properties and activity coefficients | |
| Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations | Fluid Mechanics And Mechanical Operations | Fluid Status, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, Shell-balances including the differential form of Bernoulli equation and energy balance, Equation of motion, Macroscopic friction factors, Dimensional analysis and similitude, Flow meters, Turbulent flow, Size reduction and classification of solid particles, Thickening and classification, Agitation and mixing, Conveying of solids |
| Mass transfer | Mass Transfer | Molecular Diffusion In Fluids, Mass transfer coefficients, Penetration and surface renewal theories, Heat and mass transfer analogies, Stage-wise and continuous contacting and stage efficiencies, Design and operation of equipment for distillation, Dehumidification and adsorption, Membrane separations (micro-filtration, ultra-filtration, nano-filtration and reverse osmosis) |
| Chemical technology | Chemical Technology | Fertilisers (Ammonia, Urea, SSP, TSP), Natural products industries (pulp and paper, sugar, oil, and fats), Polymerization industries (polyethene, polypropylene, PVC and polyester synthetic fibres), Inorganic chemical industries (sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, Chlor-alkali industry) |
CSIR JRF Through GATE: Chemistry
Candidates can check the syllabus for Chemistry here.
| Sections | Topics | Subtopics |
| Physical chemistry | Structure | Particle in a box: Infinite and finite square wells; the concept of tunnelling; particle in 1D, 2D and 3D-box; applications, Postulates of quantum mechanics, Time-dependent and time independent Schrödinger equations, harmonic oscillator: Harmonic and anharmonic potentials; Hermite polynomials, Hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms: Atomic orbitals; radial distribution function, Approximation methods: Variation method and secular determinants; first-order perturbation techniques, Group theory: Symmetry elements and operations; point groups and character tables; internal coordinates and vibrational modes; symmetry adapted linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO-MO); construction of hybrid orbitals using symmetry aspects |
| Equilibrium | Laws of thermodynamics, Thermodynamic functions and their relationships: Gibbs-Helmholtz and Maxwell relations, Gibbs-Duhem equation, Can't Hoff equation, Criteria of spontaneity and equilibrium, Fugacity, activity and activity coefficients, Ideal and Non-ideal solutions, Raoult's law and Henry's law, chemical equilibria, Nernst Equation and its application, the relationship between electrode potential and thermodynamic quantities, potentiometric and conductometric titrations, the Phase diagram of one component systems: CO2, H2O, S; two-component systems: Liquid- vapour, liquid-liquid, and solid-liquid systems. | |
| Surface and interfaces | Physisorption and Chemisorption, Langmuir, Freundlich and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherms, Surface tension, viscosity, Physical chemistry of colloids, micelles and macromolecules, Self-assembly | |
| Inorganic chemistry | Main Group Elements | Hydrides, halides, oxides, oxoacids, nitrides, sulfides-shapes and reactivity, Structure and bonding of boranes, carboranes, silicones, silicates, boron nitride, borazines and phosphazenes, Chemistry of noble gases, pseudohalogens, and interhalogen compounds, acid-base concepts and principles (Lewis, Brønsted, HSAB and acid-base catalysis) |
| Lanthanides and antacids | Periodic properties, spectra and magnetic properties, Recovery, | |
| Organometallics | 18-Electron rule; metal-alkyl, metal-carbonyl, metal-olefin and metal-carbene complexes and metallocenes, Homogeneous catalysis-hydrogenation, hydroformylation, acetic acid synthesis, metathesis and olefin oxidation, Heterogeneous catalysis-Fischer-Tropsch reaction, Ziegler-Natta polymerization, Types of organometallic reactions | |
| Organic chemistry | Stereochemistry | Chirality and symmetry of organic molecules with or without chiral centres and determination of their absolute configurations, Relative stereochemistry in compounds having more than one stereogenic centre, stereoselective and stereospecific synthesis, Configurational and conformational effects, atropisomerism, and neighbouring group participation on reactivity and selectivity/ specificity, Conformational analysis of acyclic and cyclic compounds |
| Reaction Mechanism | Methods of determining reaction mechanisms through kinetics, identification of products, intermediates and isotopic labelling, Addition reactions to carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (N and O) multiple bonds, reactive intermediates-carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes, arynes and free radicals, Molecular rearrangements. | |
| Biomolecules | Structure, properties and reactions of mono-and di-saccharides, physicochemical properties of amino acids, chemical synthesis of peptides, chemical structure determination of peptides and proteins, Structural features of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, steroids, terpenoids, carotenoids, and alkaloids. |
CSIR JRF Through GATE: XL Chemistry
Candidates can check the syllabus for XL Chemistry here.
| Section | Topics | Units |
| Atomic Structure And Periodicity | Atomic Structure And Periodicity | Planck's Quantum Theory, Wave-particle duality, Comparison between Bohr's model and quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom, Hund's rule and Pauli's exclusion principle, Periodic table and periodic properties |
| Structure and bonding | Structure And Bonding | Oxides, Ionic and covalent bonding, MO and VB approaches for diatomic molecules, VSEPR theory and shape of molecules, Structure parameters such as bond length, bond angle, and bond energy, Ionic solids, ionic radii, and lattice energy (Born‐Haber cycle) |
Chemical equilibrium | Chemical Equilibrium | Osmotic pressure, Elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point, Ionic equilibrium in solution, Solubility product, Common ion effect, Equilibrium constants (Kc, Kp, and Kx) for homogeneous reactions |
Electrochemistry | Electrochemistry | Conductance, Kohlrausch's law, Cell potentials, Thermodynamic aspects and their applications, Nernst equation, EMF |
Reaction kinetics | Reaction Kinetics | Rate Constant,Order of reaction, Activation energy, Catalysis and elementary enzyme reactions, Zero, first, and second order kinetics, Reversible and irreversible inhibition of enzymes |
Thermodynamics | Thermodynamics | Internal Energy, Qualitative treatment of state and path functions, First law of thermodynamics, Reversible and irreversible processes, Internal energy, Kirchhoff equation, Second law of thermodynamics, Free energy change and spontaneity |
CSIR JRF Through GATE: XL Biochemistry
Candidates can check the syllabus for XL Biochemistry here.
| Section | Units |
| 1 | Organization of life, Structure and function of biomolecules: Amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, Protein structure, Folding/ misfolding and function, Haemoglobin, Ribonuclease A, Carboxypeptidase and chymotrypsin |
| 2 | Enzyme kinetics including its regulation and inhibition, Vitamins and coenzymes, Metabolic pathways and their regulation: Glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, gluconeogenesis, glycogen and fatty acid metabolism, Metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds: Nitrogen fixation, amino acids and nucleotides, Metabolism and bioenergetics, Photosynthesis, Calvin cycle |
| 3 | Biochemical separation techniques: Ion exchange, size exclusion and affinity chromatography, centrifugation, Characterization of biomolecules by electrophoresis, UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, Mass spectrometry |
| 4 | Cell structure and organelles, Biological membranes, Membrane assembly and protein targeting, Receptor-ligand interaction, Hormones and neurotransmitters |
| 5 | recombinant DNA technology and applications: PCR, site-directed mutagenesis, DNA-microarray, Next generation sequencing, Gene silencing and editing, DNA damage and repair |
| 6 | Immune system: Innate and adaptive, Immunological techniques: Immunodiffusion, immune-electrophoresis, RIA and ELISA, flow cytometry, Major histocompatibility complex, Antibody structure, function and diversity, monoclonal antibodies and their applications, B cell and T cell receptors, B cell and T cell activation |
CSIR JRF Through GATE: XL Botany
Candidates can check the syllabus for XL Botany here.
| Unit | Topic | Subtopic |
| 1 | Plant Systematics | Botanical nomenclature, history of plant taxonomy, diversity and classification of plants, APG system of plant classification; phylogenetics and cladistics, molecular taxonomy and DNA barcoding; centres for plant taxonomy and herbaria in India |
| 2 | Plant Anatomy | Anatomy of root, stem, and leaves, floral organs, embryo and young seedlings, primary and secondary meristems, stellar organization, vascular system and their ontogeny, xylem and phloem structure, secondary growth in plants and wood anatomy, Plant cell structure and differences from animal cells |
| 3 | Cell Development | The life cycle of an angiosperm, development of male and female gametophyte; cell fate determination and tissue patterning; spacing mechanisms in trichomes and stomata, Embryogenesis, organization and function of shoot, and root apical meristems, Transition to flowering: Photoperiodism and vernalization, ABC model of floral organ patterning, pollen germination, double fertilization, seed development; xylem and phloem cell differentiation, photomorphogenesis; phytochrome, cryptochrome, phototropin, Role of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellins, and brassinosteroids on plant development |
| 4 | Plant Physiology and Biochemistry | Plant water relations, mechanisms of uptake and transport of water, ions, solutes from soil to plants, apoplastic and symplastic transport mechanisms, Mechanism of stomatal movements, nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis; C3, C4, and CAM cycles, photorespiration, respiration: Glycolysis, TCA cycle, and electron transport chain, Plant responses and mechanisms of abiotic stresses including drought, salinity, freezing, and heat stress, metal toxicity; the role of abscisic acid in abiotic stresses, Biosynthesis, mechanism of action, and physiological effects of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellic acids, brassinosteroid, ethylene, strigolactone, abscisic acid, salicylic and jasmonic acid |
| 5 | Genetics and genomics | Principles of Mendelian inheritance, linkage, recombination, genetic mapping; extrachromosomal inheritance; introduction to epigenetics; gene silencing-transgene silencing, post-transcriptional gene silencing, miRNA and siRNA, Evolution and organization of eukaryotic genome structure, gene expression, gene mutation, and repair, chromosomal aberrations (numerical: Euploidy and aneuploidy, and structural: Deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation), transposons, Model organisms for functional genetics and genomics; introduction to transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics |
| 6 | Plant Breeding, Genetics Modification, Genome Editing | Principles, methods-selection, hybridization, heterosis; male sterility, genetic maps, and molecular markers, embryo rescue, haploid and doubled haploids, plant tissue culture: Micropropagation, embryo culture, and in vitro regeneration, Plant tissue culture: Somatic embryogenesis, artificial seed, cryopreservation, somaclonal variation, somatic cell hybridization, marker-assisted selection, gene transfer methods viz. direct and vector-mediated, generation of transgenic plants, |
| 7 | Economic and applied botany | A general account of economically and medicinally important plants-cereals, pulses, plants yielding fibers, timber, sugar, beverages, oils, rubber, pigments, dyes, gums, drugs and narcotics, Effect of industrialization on agricultural botany such as plastic on fiber economy, Genetically modified crops and its regulation example Bt cotton, Bt brinjal, golden rice etc, Major Indian cash crops |
| 8 | Plant Pathology | Nature and classification of plant diseases, diseases of important crops caused by fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses, and their control measures (chemical and biological) mechanism (s) of pathogenesis, Resistance: Basal, systemic, induced systemic resistance, gene for gene concept, Signaling pathways in plant defence response; salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in plant-pathogen and plant-herbivore interaction, necrosis; host-parasitic plant interaction (such as Cuscuta) |
| 9 | Ecology and Environment | Ecosystems-types, dynamics, degradation, biogeochemical cycles, ecological succession; food webs and energy flow through ecosystem; vegetation types of the world, Indian vegetation types and biogeographical zones, climate, and flora endemism, Pollution and global climate change, speciation and extinction, biodiversity and conservation strategies, ecological hotspots, afforestation, habitat restoration; plant interactions with other organisms; epiphytes, parasites, and endophytes. |
CSIR JRF Through GATE: XL Microbiology
Candidates can check the syllabus for XL Microbiology here.
| Units | Topic | Subtopics |
| 1 | Historical Perspective | Role of microorganisms in the transformation of organic matter and in the causation of diseases, Landmark discoveries relevant to the field of microbiology, Role of microorganisms in transformation of organic matter and in the causation of diseases |
| 2 | Methods in microbiology | Principles of microbial nutrition, Enrichment culture techniques for isolation of microorganisms, Light-, phase contrast-, fluorescence-, and electron-microscopy, next-generation sequencing technologies in microbiology, Light-, phase contrast-, fluorescence-, and electron-microscopy |
| 3 | Microbial Taxonomy and diversity | Bacteria, archaea, and their broad classification, Molecular approaches to microbial taxonomy and phylogeny, Eukaryotic microbes: Yeasts, moulds, and protozoa, Viruses and their classification |
| 4 | Prokaryotic cells | Prokaryotic cells: Cell walls, cell membranes and their biosynthesis, mechanisms of solute transport across membranes, flagella and pili, capsules, cell inclusions like endospores and gas vesicles, Bacterial locomotion, including positive and negative chemotaxis |
| 5 | Chemotherapy/Antibiotic | Antibiotics: Classification of the molecular mechanism of the mode of action and resistance, Antifungal and antiviral drugs, |
| 6 | Microbial Metabolism | Energetics: Redox reactions and electron carriers, Pentose-phosphate pathway, Aerobic and anaerobic respiration, Common regulatory mechanisms in the synthesis of amino acids, Biosynthetic pathway for fatty acids synthesis, Regulation of major metabolic pathways, Fermentation, Entner-Doudoroff pathway, An overview of metabolism |
| 7 | Microbial Ecology | Carbon, sulphur, and nitrogen cycles, Soil microorganisms associated with vascular plants, Basic concept of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, Carbon, sulphur, and nitrogen cycles, Bioremediation |
CSIR JRF Through GATE: XL Zoology
Candidates can check the syllabus for XL Zoology here.
| Units | Topics | Subtopic |
| 1 | Animal Diversity | Distribution, Systematics and classification of animals, Phylogenetic relationships (based on classical and molecular phylogenetic tools), |
| 2 | Evolution | Origin and history of life on earth, Theories of evolution, Adaptation, Speciation |
| 3 | Genetics | Basic principles of inheritance, Sex determination and sex-linked characteristics, Linkage, Recombination and mapping of genes in eukaryotes, Population genetics, Roles of model organisms in understanding genetic principles |
| 4 | Cell Biology | Basic principles of cellular microscopy, Cellular organelles and their structure and function, Chromosomes and chromatin structure, Cell cycle, Cell division, and Cytoskeletal organization. |
| 5 | Gene Expression in Eukaryote | Eukaryotic genome organization and regulation of gene expression, Transposable elements |
| 6 | Animal Behaviour | Type of behaviours, Courtship, Learning and memory, Social behaviour across the animal taxa, Evolution of behaviour in animals, Pheromones |
CSIR JRF Through GATE: XL Food Technology
Candidates can check the syllabus for XL Food Technology here.
| Section | Topic | Subtopic |
Food chemistry and nutrition | Carbohydrate | Structure and functional properties of mono-, oligo-, and poly-saccharides including starch, cellulose, pectic substances and dietary fibre, gelatinization and retrogradation of starch |
| Protein | Classification and structure of proteins in food, biochemical changes in post-mortem and tenderization of muscles | |
| Nutrition | A balanced diet, essential amino acids and essential fatty acids, protein efficiency ratio, water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, the role of minerals in nutrition, cofactors, anti-nutrients, nutraceuticals, nutrient deficiency diseases | |
Food Microbiology | Characteristic of microorganisms | Morphology of bacteria, yeast, mould, and actinomycetes, spores and vegetative cells, gram-staining |
| Food Spoilage | Spoilage microorganisms in different food products including milk, fish, meat, egg, cereals and, their products | |
| Toxins and microbes | Pathogens and non-pathogens including staphylococcus, salmonella, Shebelle, escherichia, bacillus, clostridium, and aspergillums genera | |
Food products technology | Processing Principals | Thermal processing, chilling, freezing, dehydration, the addition of preservatives and food additives, irradiation, fermentation, hurdle technology, intermediate moisture food |
| Food Packaging and storage | Packaging materials, aseptic packaging, controlled and modified atmosphere storage | |
| Fruits and vegetable processing | Extraction, clarification, concentration, and packaging of fruit juice, jam, jelly, marmalade, squash, candies, tomato sauce, ketchup, and puree, potato chips, pickles | |
| Processing of animal product | Drying, canning, and freezing of fish and meat; production of egg powder | |
Food engineering | Mass Transfer | Molecular diffusion and Flick's law, conduction and convective mass transfer, permeability through single and multilayer films |
| Momentum Transfer | Flow rate and pressure drop relationships for Newtonian fluids flowing through a pipe, Reynolds number | |
| Mechanical Operations | Size reduction of solids, high-pressure homogenization, filtration, centrifugation, settling, sieving, mixing and agitation of the liquid | |
| Thermal Operations | thermal sterilization, evaporation of liquid foods, hot air drying of solids, spray and freeze-drying, freezing and crystallization | |
| Mass Transfer operations | Psychometric, humidification, and dehumidification operations |
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