Biotechnology and its applications for Bihar State Exams

Biotechnology and Its Applications

Types of Biotechnology

Green Biotechnology

• Applied to agricultural processes.
• Three main areas of application are Plant tissue culture; Plant genetic engineering and plant molecular marker-assisted breeding.
• Biotech is used to make plants pest and drought tolerant.
• BT Cotton is an example of bollworm tolerant plant. It is also a transgenic plant.

Red Biotechnology

• Concerned with medical sciences, development of innovative drugs and treatment.
• Application: Productions of vaccines and antibiotics, regenerative therapies, gene therapy, stem cell therapy etc. are few applications of Red biotech.

Blue Biotechnology

• Use of sea resources marine and freshwater organisms to create products and industrial applications.

White Biotechnology

• Applied to industrial processes.
• Using enzymes as industrial catalysts, usage of moulds, bacteria, yeast etc to produce various goods are few examples of White biotechnology.

Yellow Biotechnology

• Biotechnology with insects.
• It also refers to the use of biotechnology in food production.

Gray Biotechnology

• Application of Biotechnology to environmental applications, maintenance of biodiversity and removal of pollutants.

Brown Biotechnology

• Related to the management of Arid Zone and Deserts
• Creation of drought-resistant seeds, natural resources management, the creation of agricultural techniques suited to arid landscape etc. are few examples of Brown biotech.

Violet Biotechnology

• Related to law, ethical and philosophical issues around biotechnology

Dark Biotechnology

• Related to bioterrorism, biological weapons and biowarfare which use microorganisms and toxins to cause diseases, death and disability.

Application of Biotechnology

• Medicine
  1. Biopharmaceuticals
  2. Gene Therapy
  3. Pharmacogenomics
  4. Genetic testing
• Agriculture
  1. Genetically modified crops
  2. Biofuels
  3. Plant and animal reproduction
  4. Biofortification
  5. Antibiotics
  6. Abiotic Stress Resistance
• Environment
  1. Biomarker
  2. Bioenergy
  3. Bioremediation
     1. Mycoremediation
     2. Phytoremediation
     3. Microbial remediation

            4. Biotransformation

• Industry
• Food Processing
  1. Fermentation process
  2. Protein engineering

Recent Developments

• Human Genome Project
• Three parents baby
• GM Mustard
• Gene Therapy
• Stem Cell Therapy

Government Policies

• National Biotechnology Development Strategy 2015-2020 (NBDS)
• National Biopharma Mission

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