Appiko Movement: Background, Objectives, and Short Notes on Appiko Andolan

Appiko Movement

One of the environmental initiatives centered on Indian forests is the Appiko Movement. The movement occurred in the Uttara Kanada district of Karnataka’s Western Ghats. The forest department’s decades-long promotion of teak monoculture plantations after the clear-cutting of previous mixed semi-evergreen forests can be linked to the movement’s beginnings. Southern India’s new consciousness was birthed through the Appiko Andolan.

Appiko Movement UPSC Notes

Inspired by the Chipko movement in Himalayan Uttarakhand, the villagers of the district of Karnataka province in southern India began a similar drive to protect their woods. In September 1983, Salkani adults, adolescents, and children embraced the trees in the Kalase forest. Hugging is referred to as “Appiko” in Kannada. The Appiko Movement’s catchphrase was “save, grow, and use rationally,” which is spelled Ubsu (“save”), Belesu (“grow”), and Balasu (“use rationally”) in Kannada (“rational use”).

Appiko Movement: Background

In 1950, the Uttara Kannada district’s forest cover accounted for more than 81 percent of its total area. The government started the development process after designating this woodland district as being underdeveloped.

The region is home to three significant industries: a pulp and paper mill, a plywood industry, and a network of hydroelectric dams constructed to harness the local rivers. Dams have drowned large tracts of agricultural and forest land, and these businesses have degraded the forest resource.

• The forest no longer covered roughly 25% of the district’s entire area by 1980. The local populace was uprooted by the dams, especially the poorer sections.
• Water sources were decreased due to the conversion of natural mixed forests into teak and eucalyptus plantations, hurting forest people.
• In a nutshell, the three key Ps — paper, plywood, and power — meant to promote human growth produced a fourth P, which stands for poverty.

Methodologies and Objectives of Appiko Movement

The objectives of the Appiko Movement include the protection of the existing, young, and green trees of the forest, promoting afforestation on denuded land, and the utilization of forest resources with utmost consideration to conserving natural resources. The Appiko Movement used diverse strategies/methodologies to raise understanding. These include slide shows, folk dances, foot marches in the internal forests, and Street plays.

The Appiko Andolan succeeded. The state administration prohibited felling leafy trees in a few forest sites; only dead, breaking, and arid trees were felled to satisfy local necessities.

• The Movement extended to the four hill communities of Karnataka Province and potentially applied to the Eastern Ghats in Tamil Nadu and Goa.
• Appiko Movement sought to promote planting more trees or Afforestation on bared lands.
• Around 1.2 million saplings were grown in the Sirsi area between 1984-1985 with the help of the forest department.
• The Appiko Movement’s background has conveyed an extensive use of chemical fertilizers in the forest conservatory, making it a capital-intensive, money-making agenda.

Appiko Movement: Outcomes

As a result of the Appiko Movement of Karnataka, the locals could save their primary life sources. Trees like bamboo are critical for making handcrafted items locals can sell to earn a living.

This Movement also helped rescue trees with medicinal properties that locals could use for their good. Moreover, the Appiko Movement successfully created awareness among the villagers about the danger of falling trees.

• Like other forest-based environmental movements, this Movement also achieved successful results.
• The Appiko Movement, led by Panduranga Hegde, was about spreading awareness against cutting down and commercializing forests and ruining ancient livelihoods.
• The villagers embraced the trees and used several other techniques, such as folk dances, slide shows, and street plays, to raise awareness about conserving natural forests.

Sustainable Measures of Appiko Movement

One of the most important sustainable measures of Appiko Andolan was that the movement found a unique way to reduce the load on the forest by constructing Gobar (Biogas plants). Appiko Andolan activists focus on providing cash to poor sections of society who do not have money to purchase Gobar plants. Few individuals try to recreate the forest area through inaccurate cropping methods.

The Appiko movement attempted to fix an individual’s wrong conventions. The Movement’s goal is to establish a proportional connection between nature and people. To make an effort towards sustainability, conserve and preserve the resource for future generations.

Appiko Movement Short Notes

Appiko movement is against deforestation in Karnataka. It was led by Paduranga Hedge and has great significance. The Appiko movement started in September 1983. The meaning of the word Appiko is a hug in the native language of Kannada. It symbolizes the protection of the tree.

The Appiko Movement was a similar environmental movement to the Chipko Movement. In this Movement, the women and youth from Saklani and other villages came together and walked five miles to a nearby forest to hug trees.

• The people from the village also forced the contractors and fellers of the state department forest to cease cutting down trees.
• They protected green trees by demanding a ban on felling them.
• The main objective of the Appiko Movement was to conserve the Kalase forests in Karnataka.
• The villagers continued this Movement for 38 days until the state government finally agreed to complete their demands to withdraw the order to fell trees.

Difference Between Chipko and Appiko Movement

The primary purpose of the Chipko Movement was to rescue the Himalayan range trees from the tomahawks of builders. Appiko Andolan’s central goal was to conserve woods against trading, commerce, genetic wildlife falling, and the devastation of established livelihood. Some of the important differences between Chipko and Appiko Movement is presented below.

Chipko Movement	Appiko Movement
Chipko Movement was called Hug The Tree Movement	Appiko in Kannada means hugging
It was initiated in In 1973 (Chamoli district of Uttarakhand)	It was started in September 1983 (Karnataka)
Sunderlal Bahuguna started the movement	Panduranga Hegde began the movement

Appiko Movement UPSC

Appiko Movement is one of the environmental movements based on forests in India. The movement occurred in Karnataka’s Western Ghats district of Uttara Kanada and forced the government to revise its forest policy. Appiko Movement along with the Chipko Movement were conservation movements in India.

Appiko movement UPSC topic is covered under the Environment and Ecology syllabus of the IAS exam. One can study in detail about the topic from this article and can also refer to the Environment and Ecology Notes to understand the topic better.

Appiko Movement MCQs

Question: What is the objective of the Appiko movement? (1) To protect forests, (2) To fight against corporate farming, (3) To construct steel bridges in rural areas, (4) To construct check dams to conserve water
Answer: To protect forests

Question: With reference to ‘Eco-Sensitive Zones’, which statement is/are correct? (1) The purpose of the declaration of Eco-Sensitive Zones is to prohibit all kinds of human activities, in those zones except agriculture, (2) Eco-Sensitive Zones are the areas that are declared under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Select the correct answer: (a) 2 only, (b) 1 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: Neither 1 nor 2

Question: Consider the statements on the Appiko Movement: (1) The movement’s origins may be traced to the forest department’s decades-long promotion of teak monoculture plantations following the clear-cutting of preexisting mixed semi-evergreen forests, (2) Appiko Movement is one of the environmental movements that happened in Andhra Pradesh. Which of the statement(s) is/are incorrect? (a) Both 1 and 2, (b) 2 only, (c) 1 only, (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: 2 only (Appiko Movement is one of the environmental movements that happened in Andhra Pradesh)

Mains 2019 Question: Throw light on the major environmental movements witnessed in India. Also, discuss the economic and identity issues associated with environmental movements.

UPSC Notes
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Commonwealth of Nations	IR Coelho Case
BIMSTEC UPSC Notes	Town Planning of Harappan Civilization