What is Acid Rain? Know its Causes, Effects, Solutions for Bihar State Exams

By Brajendra|Updated : August 7th, 2022

This article is about Acid Rain: its effects and causes, which is one of the important topics in state exams. This article is prepared while keeping in mid the demand of the state exams. The aspirants can use this article for revision of Prelims as well as Mains exam. 

What is Acid Rain: Causes, Effects, Solutions?

What is Acid Rain?

  • The acid rain is a form of precipitation which may be fog or snow in which excessive acid like sulphuric or nitric acids are present.
  • The rainwater with a PH of less than 5.5 is called acid rain.
  • It can be harmful to plants, aquatic animals and human beings.
  • The two gases which are mainly responsible for causing acid rain are – Oxides of Sulphur (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2).
  • When SO2 and NO2 present in access amount in the atmosphere mixes or reacts with rainwater, they form sulphuric acid and nitric acid, respectively. These acids decrease the PH value of rain to less than 5.5 and make it acidic.

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Causes of Acid Rain

The essential reasons for acid rain are as follows:-

  • Burning of fossil fuel
  • Exhaust from automobiles
  • Volcanic eruption

Sources of Acid Rain

(a) Sulphur

Natural sources:

  • Seas and oceans,
  • Volcanic eruptions,
  • Biological processes in the soil

Man-made sources:

  • Burning of coal 
  • Petroleum products
  • Smelting of metal sulfide ores
  • Industrial production of Sulfuric acid

(b) Nitrogen

Natural sources:

  • Lightening,
  • Volcanic Eruption and
  • Biological Activity

Anthropogenic sources:

  • Forest fires
  • Combustion of oil, coal, and gas

(c) Formic Acid

(d) Other Acid

Effects of Acid Rain

  • Effects on plants – Acid rain erodes the waxy coating of plants damages the vegetation.
  • Effects on soil – Acid rain makes the soil acidic and infertile.
  • Effects on aquatic animals – Acid rain decreases the PH level of water bodies below 5.5 and makes them acidic. Results in the death of marine animals.
  • Effects on Monuments and Buildings – Acid rain reacts with the marble and other elements on the outer wall and makes them dull and yellowish (Ex - Tajmahal).
  • Surface and groundwater also get affected.

Solutions for Acid Rain

  • Reducing the burning of fossil fuels.
  • Use of eco-friendly measures in the automobile industry.
  • Plantation of trees.
  • Spreading awareness through various means. 

Acid Rain: Causes, Effects, Solutions Download PDF In English

Acid Rain: Causes, Effects, Solutions Download PDF In Hindi 

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