Describe the Process of Unification of Italy
By BYJU'S Exam Prep
Updated on: September 11th, 2023
The Process of Unification of Italy involves major events such as the Franco-Austrian War of 1855, several nationalist uprisings, and the idea of Risorgimento (resurgence). After the fall of Napoleon in 1814, many Italian states were reorganized under conservative rule. To oppose these regimes, several secret societies were formed across the country, one of them being the Young Italy group, founded by Giuseppe Mazzini in 1831.
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Process of Unification of Italy
The Franco-Austrian War of 1859 was a major event that instilled nationalist sentiment among the people of Italy. When the Austrian army was defeated and the northern states were conquered, the process of unification of Italy gained momentum. In 1860, the Bourbon army in the southern states of Italy was overthrown by Giuseppe Garibaldi’s army. Eventually, the United Kingdom of Italy was ceded to King Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia in 1861.
Mazzini advocated for the idea of Risorgimento, or the unification of Italy, which found resonance with the people of Italy at the time and led to a nationalist uprising in 1848. In 1859, Piedmont-Sardinia’s Prime Minister, Count Camillo di Cavour orchestrated an alliance with France against the Austrians to further the process of unification of Italy.
By 1860, Giuseppi Garibaldi of Piedmont-Sardinia overthrew the Bourbon army in the Southern states of Italy. Consequentially, Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia was made the King of unified Italy in 1861.
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