UGC NET Study Notes on New Education Policy

New Education Policy

First, the National education policy was formulated in 1968 under the government of Indira Gandhi.
Second, the National education policy was formulated in 1986 under the government of Rajiv Gandhi.
The latest New Education Policy was formulated in 2017 under the government of Narendra Modi.
The Committee to draft New Policy on Education was headed by K.Kasturirangan.
The Ministry of Human Resources and Development constituted a Committee in 2017
Committee recommendation on Education ranges from School to Higher Education.

1. School Education

Early Childhood care and Education

The Committee observed deficiencies in early childhood learning programs.
To overcome the deficiencies, the Committee recommended developing a two-part curriculum for early childhood care and Education. This will be done with the help of Anganwadi and primary schools.

First for up to three-year-old children with the support of Parents and teachers.
Second for 3-8-year-old children.

The Right to Education Act (RTE Act)

Currently, the RTE Act provides free and compulsory Education from 6-14.
Committee recommended including early childhood education and secondary school education.
This will cover all children from age three to eighteen.
Committee further recommended that there should be no detention of children till class eight.

Curriculum Framework

Committee recommended restructuring school education.
It proposed 5+3+3+4.
First, Five years as foundational stage ( 3 years of pre-primary school and classes 1 & 2)
Second, three years of preparatory stage(class 3 to 5)
Third, three years of middle stage (class 6 to 8)
Fourth, four years of secondary stage (class 9 to 12).

School exam reforms

Committee recommended State Census Examination in classes 3, 5, and 8.
Committee further recommended the removal of school examination by board examination where only core concepts, skills, and higher order capacities will be tested.

School Infrastructure

The Committee recommended that a school complex be formed by bringing all public schools.
This complex will comprise one secondary school (class 9-12) and all neighborhood public schools from pre-primary to class eight.

Teacher management

The Committee recommended that teachers not be allowed to participate in non-teaching activities during school hours.
It is further recommended that a teacher will be deployed at a particular school complex for 5-7 years.
Also, an existing program of, B.Ed will be replaced by 4 years integrated B.Ed program.
A teacher must undergo continuous professional development training of 50 hours every year.

Regulation of school

The Committee recommended creating an independent state school regulatory authority for each state.
This regulatory authority will prescribe a basic uniform standard for public and private schools.
Department of Education will monitor and supervise this regulatory authority.

2. Higher Education

According to the All India Survey on Higher Education, the Gross Enrolment ratio (GER) in higher Education in India has increased from 20.8% in 2011-12 to 25.8% in 2017-18.
Committee aimed to increase GER from 25.8 % to 50 % by 2035.

Regulatory structure and accreditation

Committee recommended setting up of National Higher Education regulatory authority (NHRA).
AICTE and Bar Council of India's role would be limited to setting standards for professional practice.
UGC's role would be limited to providing grants to higher educational institutions.
The Committee recommended separating NAAC from UGC and making it a top-level accreditor that issues licenses to different accreditation institutions.
These different institutions will assess higher education institutions once every 5-7 years.

Financing Education

Committee recommended public investment of 6% of GDP.
Currently, public investment in Education is 2.7% of GDP
In the next 10 years, the Committee recommended increasing public investment in Education from 10% to 20%.

Technology in Education

National Mission on Education through information and communication technology- the Committee, recommended establishing this forum to advise central and state-government on technology-based interventions.
National repository on Educational Data- Committee recommended setting this digital repository to store all records related to institutions, teachers, and students.

Education in the Indian language

Till grade 5 committee recommended Education in mother tongue/local language/home language and preferable till 8^th grade.
Committee recommended three language formula as recommended by the first national educational policy.
National Institute of Pali, Persian, and Prakrit will be set up to promote Indian languages.

Adult Education

Committee recommended the establishment of an autonomous Central Institute of Adult Education (CIAE) under NCERT.
CIAE will develop a national Curriculum framework for adult education.
The framework will cover five areas: foundational literacy and numeracy, critical life skills development, basic Education, and continuing Education.
School complexes will include adult education centers.
National Institute of Open Schooling will start a relevant course for youth and adults.
Under the national adult tutors program, a cadre of adult education instructors and managers will be created.

Vocational Education

Committee recommended vocational Education in at least one vocation in grades 9-12.
Committee targets to offer vocational Education up to 50% of the total enrolment in higher education institutions by 2025. Currently, this is below 10%.

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