National Supercomputing Mission
- Launched in 2014
- It aims to empower national academic and R&D institutions by installing a vast supercomputing grid comprising of more than 70 high-performance computing facilities.
- The mission is jointly implemented by the Ministry of Electronics and IT and Department of Science and Technology along with C-DAC and IISc as executing agencies.
- Under this mission, Param Shivay- first Supercomputer is installed in IIT (BHU).
What are supercomputers?
- It is a computer with a high level of performances compared to a general-purpose computer.
- Performance is measured in FLOPS (floating-point operations per second).
- Its applications areas are Climate Modelling, Computational Biology, Atomic Energy Simulations, national Securing, Disaster management, Big Data analytics etc.
Top-500 Project
- It ranks the 500 most powerful non-distributed computers in the world.
- It was started in 1993.
- China is at the top with 229 supercomputers and USA is at second with 121 supercomputers.
- In the Top-500 list, India has 4 supercomputers with Pratyush and Mihir being the fastest supercomputers in India.
Difference between LTE and VOLTE
- LTE stands for 'Long Term Evolution'.
- LTE is also called 4G.
- In this, the internet runs at 4G speed on your smartphone.
- But, the internet and calling don't work at the same time.
- This issue was resolved by VOLTE.
- Airtel launched the first LTE network service in India in 2012.
- VoLTE stands for 'Voice over Long Term Evolution
- It supports Calling and Internet Connectivity together.
- It was launched by JIO in India in 2016.
Wifi
- The term wifi stands for wireless fidelity.
- It uses radio transmission technology.
- It allows high speed and secure communication between a wide variety of digital services, access points and hardware.
- They transmit at a frequency of 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz.
Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)
- In this, radio waves are used to capture and read information stored on a tag attached to an object.
- A tag can be read from up to several feet away and does not need to be within direct line-of-sight of the reader to be tracked.
- Most recent use is in FASTag for ease of payment at toll both.
Ransomware
- It infects computers in a network and encrypts files on these computers.
- Then the hackers demand ransom to recover these files.
- Recently, IT service provider Cognizant had faced Maze Ransomware attack.
- In 2019, Kaspersky security, a global cybersecurity firm, identified three prominent ransomware- Ryuk, Purga and Stop.
Pegasus
- It is a mobile spyware developed by Israeli cyber firm.
- Once invaded on Android and iOS platforms, it could have complete access to the data on the victim’s phone.
Cryptocurrency
- It is a type of digital currency that uses cryptography for security.
- The control of each cryptocurrency works through distributed ledger technology called a blockchain.
- It is not issued by the government in India.
- China is testing its digital currency “Digital Currency Electronic Payment, DC/EP”.
- RBI banned cryptocurrency in India, but a recent supreme court judgement removed the ban.
- Examples of cryptocurrency- Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple etc.
We hope you all understood important terms related to Information and Communication Technology for UGC NET Exam 2022.
Thank you,
Team BYJU'S Exam Prep.
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