UGC NET Study Notes On Communication for Paper-1

Communication

• It means exchange of ideas.
• It could be verbal and non-verbal.
• It involves sender, message, medium, channel, receiver, response and feedback.
• Berlo explains communication as S-R model or Sender-Receiver model. In this sender stands for stimulus and receiver stands for response.
• This explanation of Berlo was later extended to S-M-C-R model. It stands for Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver.
• Sender encodes the message and send it to receiver through a medium. Receiver decodes the message and send feedback through a medium.

Objectives of communication

• Through communication with people or through other medium people keep themselves updated.
• People participate actively in social life by communicating.
• Information flows from top to bottom by communicating. Example- teacher teaching class or family instructing their younger member.
• Better communication leads to better coordination between society. Coordination is very necessary to keep the society bound.
• Society is made up of people and people’s behaviour is controlled by society through communication.
• Societies culture is maintained through effective communication.
• By communication only society understand each other culture, belief and each other’s way of life.
• It helps in communicating the goals and targets that can be achieved.
• It creates new ideas, spread awareness about important day to day issues.
• It improves decision-making abilities.

Nature and Characteristics of Communication

• One can achieve mastery over communication by practising the desired skills of communication.
• Communication is dynamic process, it not a static act. Communication include sharing or exchange of information and this is a continuous process.
• Communication is effective only when it is two-way. Feedback is an important component of communication.
• Communication is cyclic. Example- sender send the message, receiver respond to the message and then sender again respond to the message, the process continues in cyclic form.
• For effective communication sender and receiver cooperation is necessary.
• Communication is most effective when done in same language.
• Responder interest in the matter of communication is most important. Example- any discussion about politics will be well received by the one who is interested in politics.
• Communication is also done through gestures like rolling of eyes, excitement shown on face, nodding of heads and many other forms of gestures.
• Context is the most important thing in communication. It includes the place where the communication is taking place (conference room, in public, classroom), people familiarity with each other(friends), environment characterized by formality or informality, and time context( on what day or in morning or evening).
• Communication should be clear and concise.
• Formal communication- it related to communication in organizations, institutions etc.
• Informal communication- it is with friends and family.
• Communication could be direct and indirect. Direct is face to face and indirect is through any other medium.

Classroom communication

According to Cole and Chan, process of class communication includes

1. Message formulation
2. Message encoding the sender
3. Message transmission through a medium
4. Message decoding by receiver.
5. Feedback given by receiver.

Effective Communication

• Common language is the most important component of effective communication.
• Context, intentions and emotions of the message is also very crucial.
• Message should be clear between the sender and receiver.
• Message should be simple, short and concrete.
• There should not be any delay is receiving feedback.
• Sender should have empathy with receiver.
• Gestures and other non-verbal techniques facilitate conversation between sender and receiver.

7 C’s of effective communication

1. Conciseness
2. Concreteness
3. Correctness
4. Consideration
5. Clarity
6. Courtesy
7. Completeness

4S’s of communication

1. Strength
2. Sincerity
3. Shortness
4. Simplicity.

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