Revision Notes for Part A: ANALOGY (Download PDF)

Revision Notes on ANALOGY

The word ‘ANALOGY’ has been derived from the two words taken together, ANA means ‘Relation’ and LOGY means study or knowledge. Analogy is a comparison between one thing and another, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification-

1. A thing which is comparable to something else in significant
2. A process of arguing from similarity in known respects to similarity in other respects.
3. A process by which new words and inflections are created on the basis of regularities in the form of existing
4. Analogy is a literary technique in which two unrelated objects are compared for their shared

Below, we are going to share type of analogy with examples to explain it. Some common type of relationships which asked in the exam are

Word Analogy 

1. Country and currency – (India: Rupee : : USA : ?) Ans- Dollar
2. State and capital – (Germany: Berlin : : Australia : ?) Ans- Canberra
3. Word and study –(Microbiology: microscopic organisms::parasitology: ?) Ans - Parasite
4. Sex relationship (male and female) - (Horse: Mare : : Fox : ?) Ans- Vixen
5. Quantity and unit relationship – (Energy: Joule :: Pressure : ?) Ans - Pascal
6. Animal and their young one relationship- ( Goat : Billy : : Bird : ?) Ans - Chick
7. Word and its synonym – (Dilemma: Difficulty :: ? : ?) Ans – Huge: Immense
8. Word and its antonym – (Open: Close :: ? : ?) Ans – Elate : Miserable
9. Organ and disease – (Glaucoma: Eye : : ? : ? ) Ans – Stones : Kidney

Number Analogy 

1. One number is a multiple of other. – ( 18 : 3 : : 24 : ?) – Ans - 4
2. One number is the square root of other. (24: 5 :: 35 : ?) – Ans - 6
3. One number is the cube or cube root of ( 2: 8 : : ? :? ) – Ans – 3:27
4. The two numbers can be consecutive, even, odd or prime ( 5 : 7:: ? : ?) – Ans – 11:13

Letter Analogy 

1. The difference between the letters is same – ( PQRS: RSTU : : MNOP : ? ) – Ans - OPQR
2. The difference between the letters is increasing consecutively ( JKLM: KMOQ : : ABCD :?) Ans - BDFH

1. The letters are the pair of opposite letters – (FCRV:UXIE : : NDOU: ?) Ans - MWLF
2. The vowels are increasing by some rule – ( GFUV : FEVU : : ETYH : ?) Ans - FSXG
3. The consonants are increasing by some (GFUV: FEVU:: ETYH : ?) Ans - FSXG

Types of Analogy

1. Word Analogy: In this type of questions, two pairs given with one element missing in either first pair or second pair. The missing element is to find from the alternatives or options given in the question. All elements in the questions and options in this type of analogy are in the form of meaningful word.

Examples -

1. In the following question, select the related word from the given Soil : Pedology :: Heart : ?
   1. Astrology 
   2. Cardiology           
   3. Taxonomy       
   4. Concology

Ans. B.

Pedology is the study of Soil. Similarly, Cardiology is the study of Heart. Hence, the correct answer is option B.

1. In the following question, select the related word from the given Thread : Cloth :: Metal Grid : ?
   1. Rope
   2. Grill                       
   3. Laptop              
   4. Telegraph

Ans. B

As 'cloth' is made up of thread, in similar way 'Grill' is made up of parallel Metal Grids. Hence, option (B) is the correct response.

1. In the following question, select the related word from the given Rabi Crop : Oat : : Kharif Crop : ?
   1. Mustard
   2. Wheat                   
   3. Barley           
   4. Paddy

Ans. D

Oat is a rabi crop and grows in winter. Now we need to find the kharif crop from the options or the crop which grows in monsoon season. Out of all options present Paddy which means rice grows in the monsoon season and hence is a kharif crop.

Hence, option D is the correct response.

1. In the following question, select the related word from the given Gravity: Pull :: Magnetism : ?
   1. Pull
   2. Separation    
   3. Attraction
   4. Push

 Ans. C

The effect of Gravity is pulling the objects towards the earth while the effect of magnetism is attracting the two objects together.

Hence, C is the required answer.

1. Word-Pair Analogy: In this type of questions, one pair is given in the questions and similar pair is to find from the alternatives or options given in the question. All elements in the questions and options in this type of analogy also are in the form of meaningful word.

Example-

1. In the following question, select the related word-pair from the given alternatives. Crop : Farmer

1. Metal : Ore
2. Chapter : Book
3. Assign : Allot
4. Justice : Judge

Ans. D.

Crop is produced by Farmer. Similarly, Justice is produced by Judge. Hence, the correct answer is option D.

2. In the following question, select the related word pair from the given Yellow : Colour : : ? : ?

1. Sun : Moon
2. Tomato : Red
3. Mercury : Planet
4. Night : Morning

Ans. C

As Yellow is a type of Colour likewise, Mercury is a type of Planet. Hence, the correct option is C.

3. In the following question, select the related word pair from the given Gun : Soldier :: ? : ?

1. Pen:Carpenter
2. Plough: Surgeon
3. Chisel:Sculptor
4. Sword:Doctor

Ans. C

As Gun belongs to a Soldier likewise, Chisel belongs to a Sculptor. Hence, the correct option is C.

4. In the following question, select the related word pair from the given Electric Current : Ampere : : ? : ?

1. India : New Delhi
2. China : Beijing
3. England : London
4. Force : Newton

Ans. D

The given word pair relationship is of Physical quantity and its SI unit. Electric Current(Physical quantity) : Ampere(SI unit of Electric Current)      Option D also shows-

Force(Physical quantity) : Newton(SI unit of Force) Rest options-

1. India: New Delhi[Country Name and its capital relationship]
2. China: Beijing[Country Name and its capital relationship]
3. England: London[Country Name and its capital relationship]

Hence, the correct answer is option D.

3. Number Analogy: In this type of questions, two pairs given with one element missing in either first pair or second pair. The missing element is to find from the alternative or options given in the question. All elements in the questions and options in this type of analogy are in the form of numbers.

Examples -

1. In the following question, select the related number from the given alternatives. 45 : 27 : :56 : ?

1. 33                         
2. 55                         
3. 44                                   
4. 77

Ans. A.

As, (4+5)*3=27. Similarly, (5+6)*3=33. Thus the correct option is A.

2. In the following question, select the related number from the given alternatives. 30 : 5 : : 78 : ?

1. 13                           
2. 15                           
3. 17                                    
4. 16

Ans. A

The relationship is: 6x:x 30:5

6*5 : 5

Similarly, 78:13

6*13:13

Hence, option A is the correct response.

3. In the following question, select the related number from the given alternatives. 446 : 443 : : 552 : ?

1. 445                       
2. 549                       
3. 543                                   
4. 551

Ans. B

446 – 3 = 443

552 – 3 = 549

Hence, the correct option is B.

4. In the following question, select the related number from the given alternatives. 21 : 27 :: 14 : ?

1. 21                          
2. 19                          
3. 18                                   
4. 17

Ans. C

In this question, we show that- 21 × 9÷7 = 3 × 9 = 27

Similarly –

? = 14 × 9÷7 = 2 × 9 = 18

So ? = 18

So correct answer is option C

4. Number-Pair Analogy: In this type of questions, one pair is given in the questions and similar pair is to find from the alternatives or options given in the question. All elements in the questions and options in this type of analogy also are in the form of numbers.

Examples -

1. In the following question, select the related number-pair from the given alternatives. 23 : 25 : : ? : ?

1. 26 : 29                   
2. 17 : 72                   
3. 15 : 36                                    
4. 24 : 35

Ans. C.

As, (2+3)2=52=25. Similarly, (1+5)2=62=36. Thus the correct option is C.

2. In the following question, select the related number from the given alternatives. 11 : 132 : : ? : ?

1. 10:100                   
2. 9:90                       
3. 13:169                                   
4. 15:250

Ans. B

Pattern - x : x2 + x, 11 : 112 + 11

similarly,

9 : 92 + 9 = 90

Hence, the correct option is (B).

3. In the following question, select the related number pair from the given alternatives. 3 : 9 : : ? : ?

1. 4 : 11                     
2. 5 : 31                     
3. 7 : 57                                    
4. 7 : 49

Ans.D

32 = 9

Likewise, 72 = 49

Hence, the correct option is D.

4. In the following question, select the related number pair from the given alternatives. 6 : 108 : : ? : ?

1. 363                        
2. 333                        
3. 253                                    
4. 340

Ans. A

6: 6 × (6 × 3) → 6: 108

11: 11 × (11 × 3) → 11: 363

Hence, the correct option is A.

5. Letter Analogy: In this type of questions, two pairs given with one element missing in either first pair or second pair. The missing element is to find from the alternative or options given in the All elements in the questions and options in this type of analogy are in the form of English alphabetical letters.

Examples -

1. In the following question, select the related letters from the given GVP: KZT :: WQH: ?
   1. AUL
   2. NHY     
   3. FRE                   
   4. XSQ

Ans. A.

Thus, GVP: KZT :: WQH: AUL. Hence, the option A is the correct response.

2. In the following question, select the related letters from the given FOM : CLJ : : ? : ?

1. RQS : POQ                                
2. RAX:OXU
3. JKN : MNQ
4. ACD:CEF

Ans. B

F – 3 = C, O – 3 = L and M – 3 = J

Likewise, R – 3 = O, A – 3 = X and X – 3 = U

Hence, the correct option is B

3. In the following question, select the related letter pair from the given alternatives. MRQ : PUT : : ? : ?

1. NOT : MNS                              
2. FRY : IUB
3. PEG : RGI 
4. SAP : QYN

Ans. B

M + 3 = P R + 3 = U Q + 3 = T

Likewise, F + 3 = I, R + 3 = U and Y + 3 = B.

Hence, the correct option is B.

6. Number Set: In this type of questions, one set of numbers generally in the form of (a,b,c) is given in the questions and similar number set is to find from the alternatives or options given in the question.

Example -

Q1. Select the set in which the numbers are related in the same way as the numbers of the following set.

(21,42,43)

1. (25,50,75)                                   
2. (19,38,57)
3. (14,53,42)
4. (29,40,70)

Ans. B.

Logic behind the number set- (21,42,43) => 21*2=42 =>21*3=63

Similarly, (19,38,57) =>19*2=38 =>19*3=57

Hence, option(b) is the required answer.

2. Select the set in which the numbers are related in the same way as the numbers of the following set.

(3, 13, 196)

1. (5,8,81)                                       
2. (9,14,441)
3. (4,5,81) 
4. (16,5,484)

Ans.B

As,

(3,13,196)

3+13 = 16

16-2 = 14

142 = 196

Similarly, (9,14,441)

9+14 = 23

23-2 = 21

212 = 441

Hence, option B is the correct response.

3. Select the set in which the numbers are related in the same way as the numbers of the following set.

(10, 19, 32)

1. A. (5,14,19)                   
2. (12,25,49)
3. (3,7,10)
4. (7,13,23)

Ans. D

As, (10*2)-1=20-1=19, => (10*3)+2=30+2=32 Similarly, (7*2)-1=14-1=13, => (7*3)+2=21+2=23

Hence, option D is the correct response.

1. Word Relationship: In this type of question, one word is related to second word by some rule and you have to find the relationship of the third word from the options. It is somehow related to word analogy, but it is in the statement form.

Example –

1. ‘Grunt’ is related to ‘Camel’ in the same way ‘hoot’ is related to-

1. Cock
2. Owl     
3. Crow               
4. Hen

Ans. B

Grunt is the sound produced by Camel. Similarly, hoot is the sound produced by owl. Hence, option (b) is correct.

2. ‘Skirmish’ is related to ‘War’ in the same way as ‘Disease’ is related to—

1. Infection
2. Epidemic             
3. Patient           
4. Medicine

Ans. B

As skirmish leads to war in the same way disease leads to the epidemic. Hence, option B is the correct response.

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