Paper-1 Mini-Series Environment Study Notes on Types of Environmental Pollution

What is Environmental Pollution?

• Environmental pollution refers to the addition of pollutants to the natural environment, causing adverse effects on nature, natural resources and humans. 
•  Any unnatural and negative changes in any dimension, such as the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of any component of the ecosystem (ie, air, water, or soil), may have harmful effects on various forms of life and property. It is called Environmental pollution.

Pollution & Pollutants :

• Cars emit nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and a complex mixture of unburned hydrocarbons and black smoke from their tailpipes, which pollute the atmosphere. Domestic sewage and runoff from agricultural land contain pesticides and fertilizers that pollute water bodies. Tannery wastewater contains many harmful chemicals and emits an unpleasant odour. 
•  Pollution can be defined as the addition of undesirable substances to the environment due to human activities. Substances that cause environmental pollution are called pollutants. 
•  Pollutants can be defined as physical, chemical or biological substances that are unintentionally released into the environment, directly or indirectly, harmful to humans and other organisms.

Types of Environmental Pollution :

1. Air Pollution

Air pollution can be defined as the presence of any solid, liquid or gaseous substance in the atmosphere, including noise and radioactive radiation, the concentration of which can directly or indirectly harm humans or other organisms, plants, property or interfere with the normal environment. process. There are two types of air pollutants: 4,444 particulate matter and 4,444 carbon dioxide (CO2), NOx, and other gaseous pollutants. 

Source :

Smoke from life, materials industry/dust and dust from vehicle smoke Some of the smoke released by falls on vegetation and houses. Increase the factory's 4,444 chimneys and suspend 4,444 power plants. 

Effects :

• Reduces sunlight and visibility, 
• Increases corrosion, pneumoconiosis, 
• Asthma, cancer and other lung diseases. 
• Leachate contains hazardous substances.

2. Water Pollution

• Adding certain substances to the water, such as organic, inorganic, biological and radioactive substances, will reduce the quality of the water and make it unfavorable for healthy use. 
•  Water pollution is not limited to surface waters, it also spreads to groundwater, oceans and oceans. 

Sources : 

•  Industrial and community wastewater: mining, steel, pharmaceuticals, food processing, soap and detergent, and pulp and paper industries. 
•  Agricultural sources, thermal pollution (the discharge of hot water from thermal power plants causes insufficient dissolved oxygen in the water) and groundwater contamination. 
•  Marine pollution: river spills, man-made pollution and oil spills, etc. 

 Effects :

•  Excess mercury in water can cause human Minamata disease and fish oedema; large amounts of lead can cause dyslexia and cadmium poisoning can cause pain. 
•  Contaminated water contains less dissolved oxygen (DO), which is important for sensitive organisms, thus eliminating sensitive organisms. 
•  Excess nitrate in drinking water is harmful to the health of babies and humans. Too much fluoride can cause neuromuscular disorders and dental deformities, bone hardening, and joint pain. 
•  Biomagnification and eutrophication.

3. Soil Pollution

• Adding harmful substances to the soil will negatively affect the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and reduce its productivity, which is called soil contamination. 
•  Factors that disturb the biological balance of the soil and deteriorate the quality, texture and mineral content of the soil are called soil pollutants. 
•  The use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, pesticides, solid waste dumping, deforestation, urbanization and other pollution caused by man-made materials lead to soil contamination. 

 Source :

•  Industrial waste: lead, cadmium, mercury, alkalis, organic matter and chemical products. 
•  Agricultural waste: chemical fertilizers, pesticides, pesticides and fertilizers. 
•  Radioactive waste and elements and plastic bags. 

Effects :

•  Agriculture: reduce soil fertility, thus reducing crop yields; increase soil erosion and salinity. 
•  The ecological imbalance and the imbalance of animals and plants have increased even more. 
•  Problems in urban areas, such as sewer blockage, gas release, bad odours, and wastewater management problems.

4. Noise Pollution

• Unpleasant noise is created by annoying machinery and people, and painful body pain is called noise contamination. 
•  The sound can be measured in decibel (dB) and is exposed to noise levels greater than 75 dB for a fixed period of time to damage the audience of people. 
•  recommending the sound levels of 30 dB indoors. 

Indoor Sources :

•  Radio, TV, Generator, Electric Fan, EARK KOOLER, etc. It includes noise. 

Outdoor Source :

•  includes speakers, industrial activities, automobiles, railway traffic, social religious sites, including activities 

 Effects : 

•  Pollution to noise feels annoying and stimulates. It causes many problems that cause noise, causing emotional complications, such as hypertension (hypertension), aggression, mental depression and annoying. 
•  Noise contamination negatively affects individual efficiency. 
•  Noise contamination can damage the material of the building due to exposure to ultrasound / infrasonic waves.  

5. Radioactive Pollution

Radioactivity is a phenomenon of emission of alpha, beta and gamma rays due to the disintegration of atomic nuclei of some elements.

Sources:

• Natural sources: cosmic rays from space and terrestrial radiation in earth’s crust etc.
• Man-made sources: nuclear power plant, disposal of nuclear waste, nuclear transportation, uranium mining and nuclear weapons etc.

Effects:

• The effects depend upon energy-releasing capacity, half-life, rate of diffusion of pollutants and various environmental activities like wind, rainfall and temperature.
• Non-ionizing radiation can damage eyes due to coastal sand, snow etc.
• They destruct the cells and blood capillaries and can cause sunburns.
• Ionizing radiations cause sunburns, dead tissues, death of organisms, mutation increase in the occurrence of cancer and tumours etc.

6. E-Waste :

• Discarded electronic products, such as computers, information technology equipment, household appliances, audio and video products, etc. They are called e-waste. 
•  E-waste is not a problem if it is stored safely or recycled from time to time, but it may be dangerous if it is recycled using original methods. 
•  Most of India's e-waste is recycled by unorganized departments. 
•  requires proper education, awareness, cost-effective technology, and the need for a holistic approach.

We hope you all have understood the important points related to Types of Environmental Pollution in this part of the 'Mini Series'. For the next Mini-Series, you can drop your suggestions in the comment box.

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