In this article, we will cover the CSIR NET Chemical Science Most Important Formulas of Transition Compounds. Aspiring candidates can check all the most important Chemical Science formulas of Transition Compounds and download the PDF for the last minute revision. Read the full article to know about the benefits of the formula sheet and how to use it effectively.
Most Important Formulas of Transition Compounds (Download PDF)
Transition metals are those compounds that contain partially filled d-orbitals. Elements present in groups 3 to 11 are transition metals. d-block elements are divided into first transition series, second transition series and third transition series.
Valence Bond Theory:
The valence bond theory of coordination compounds is based on the concept of hybridization. It propounds that a few vacant atomic orbitals on the central metal atom first hybridize, and then accept a suitable number of ionic pairs of electrons from the ligands. The theory also explains the geometry and magnetic properties of complexes.
Correlation of hybridization with coordination number and geometry of complexes:
Coordination Number | Geometry | Hybridization |
6 | Octahedral | d2sp3 or sp3d2 |
4 | Square planar | dsp2 |
Tetrahedral | sp3 |
Crystal Field Theory:
Crystal field splitting in an octahedral crystal field:
Crystal Field Stabilization Energy:
Jahn Teller Theorem:
Jahn Teller theorem which is also called Jahn-Teller effect, states that any non-linear molecular system in a degenerate electronic state shall be unstable. It will undergo some form of distortion that will lower its symmetry and resolve the degeneracy. The theorem is fallout of the structural effects of crystal field splitting. It applies to those complexes in which the t2g and eg sets of d orbitals are asymmetrically filled.
Splitting Due to Jahn -Teller Effect in An Octahedral Crystal Field:
Orbital Angular Momentum:
Electron Spin Angular Momentum:
Total Angular Momentum:
The Total Orbital Angular Momentum:
L-S Coupling or Russel-Saunders Coupling:
j-j coupling:
Energy of Separation:
Molar Absorbance for Various Electronic Transitions:
Laporte’s Selection Rule | Spin Selection Rule | Type of Spectra | Molar Absorbance (L mol−1cm−1) | Examples |
Allowed | Allowed | Charge transfer | 103- 104 | |
Partly allowed (some p-d mixing) | Allowed | d-d | 102-103 | [CoCl4]2−[CoBr4]2− |
Forbidden | Allowed | d-d | 8-10 | [Ti (H2O)6]3+, [Ti (NH3)6]3+[Ni (NH3)6]2+ |
Partly allowed some p-d mixing | Forbidden | d-d | 2-3 | [MnCl4]2−, [MnBr4]2− |
Forbidden | Forbidden | d-d | 0.1-0.2 | [Mn (H2O)6]2+ |
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility:
Magnetic Moment:
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