In this article, we will cover the CSIR NET Most Important Formulas of Chemical Bonding. Aspiring candidates can check all the most important Chemical Science formulas of Chemical Bonding and download the PDF for the last minute revision. Read the full article to know about the benefits of the formula sheet and how to use it effectively.
Most Important Formulas of Chemical Bonding (Download PDF)
Chemical Bond:
It is a force of attraction between atoms that enables the formation of chemical compounds. In other words, a chemical bond is defined as a force that acts between two or more atoms to hold them together as a stable molecule. Three types of bonds are:
(1). Ionic or Electrovalent bond
(2). Covalent bond
(3). Coordinate covalent bond
ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION OF NOBLE GASES:
Noble gas | At No. | Electrons in principal shells |
He | 2 | 2 |
Ne | 10 | 2, 8 |
Ar | 18 | 2, 8, 8 |
Kr | 36 | 2, 8, 18, 8 |
Xe | 54 | 2, 8, 18, 18, 8 |
Rn | 86 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 |
Types of overlapping and Nature of Covalent Bond:
(1). Sigma (σ) Bond: It is formed by the end to end overlapping of atomic orbitals along the internuclear axis. It is also known as” head-on-head” or “axial” overlapping. It results when one of the following types of overlapping takes place:
(a). s-s overlapping:
Here, the s- orbital of one atom overlaps with the s-orbital of another atom. An example of this type of overlapping is the formation of hydrogen molecules from two H-atoms.
(b). s-p overlapping:
In this type of overlapping, s- orbital of one atom overlaps with the half-filled p-orbital of the other atom as shown below:
(c). p-p overlapping:
Here, the p-orbital of one atom overlaps with the p-orbital of the other atom on the internuclear axis. It is shown below:
(2). Pi (π) Bond: It is formed when the sidewise overlapping of the half-filled atomic orbitals takes place. This is also known as lateral or sidewise overlap. This type of overlapping takes place perpendicular to the internuclear axis as shown below:
TYPE OF HYBRIDIZATION AND POSSIBLE STRUCTURE:
Type of Hybridization | No. of B.P. | No. of L.P. | Shape | Examples |
1. sp-hybridization | 2 | - | Linear | BeF2, CO2, CS2, BeCl2 |
2. (a) sp2-hybridization (b) sp2-hybridization | 3 2 | - 1 | Trigonal planar V-shape Angular | BF3, AlCl3, BeF3 NO2–, SO2, O3 |
3. (a) sp3- hybridization | 4 | 0 | Tetrahedral | CH3, CCl4, PCl4+, SO42-, AlCl4– |
(b) sp3-hybridization | 3 | 1 | Pyramidal | NH3, PF3, ClO3–PCl3, XeO3, N(CH3)3 ,CH3- |
(c) sp3-hybridization | 2 | 2 | V-shape, Angular | H2O, H2S, NH2–, OF3 |
4. (a) sp3d-hybridization | 5 | - | Trigonal bipyramidal | PCl5, SOF4, AsF5 |
(b) sp3d-hybridization | 4 | 1 | See-Saw, folded square distorted tetrahedral | SF4, PF4-, AsF4-, SbF4-, XeO2F2 |
(c) sp3d-hybridization | 3 | 2 | almost T-shape | ClF3, ICI3 |
(d) sp3d-hybridization | 2 | 3 | Linear | I3-, Br3–, ICI2-, CIF2-, XeF2 |
5. (a) sp3d2-hybridization | 6 | - | Square bipyramidal/octahedral | PCI6-, SF6 |
(b) sp3d2-hybridization | 5 | 1 | Square pyramidal/distorted octahedral | XeOF4, CIF5, SF5– XeF5+ |
(c) sp3d2-hybridization | 4 | 2 | Square planar | XeF4 |
6. (a) sp3d3-hybridization | 7 | - | Pentagonal bipyramidal | IF7 |
(b) sp3d3-hybridization | 6 | 1 | Pentagonal pyramidal/distorted octahedral | XeF6 |
(c) sp3d3-hybridization | 5 | 2 | Pentagonal planar | XeF5– |
Download Formula Sheets on Chemical Bonding - Click Here to Download
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