Study Notes On Polymers
Polymers
A polymer consists of a large number of simple monomeric structural units which are repeated to form a giant molecule which is known as a "Macromolecule".
Some examples of polymers:
(1) Polyethylene
(2)
(3) Poly Vinyl Chloride [PVC]
Degree of Polymerization: It is the number of monomeric units present in a macromolecule or a polymer. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
M = Molar mass of polymer, m = Molar of monomeric units
Classification of polymers:
1). Isotactic Polymers: In isotactic, all substituents are present on the same side of the macromolecular backbone. All asymmetric carbons have the same configuration.
2). Atactic Polymers: These are generally amorphous and are less dense than isotactic. They have a random sequence of the configurations of asymmetric carbon.
3). Syndiotactic Polymers: These polymers have a regular alternation of configuration in molecular chains and the substituent lie alternatively above below the main chain.
4). Copolymers: These are the polymers that are generally derived from more than one species of monomer.
—A—A—B—A—B—B—A—A—B—A—
5). Block Polymer: It is a type of copolymer in which blocks are arranged in a linear pattern.
6) Graft Polymers: It is a type of copolymer in which one or more blocks of homopolymer are present as branches.
Number Average Molar Mass: It is the ratio of the total weight of the sample to a total number of molecules. Its expression is:
Each molecule counts equally. It is used in Osmotic pressure, End group analysis, Colligative properties.
Mass Average Molar Mass: It can be calculated as:
Each molecule contributes to its mass.
If C denotes the concentration of polymer solution in gm/unit volume, then
It is used in light scattering, Sedimentation velocity.
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