Biology Notes: Various Diseases and Associated Part of Human Body

What is a "Disease"?

A disease is defined as any dysfunctional process that interferes with the body's natural functioning. In other terms, sickness is a dysfunction in a person's physical, physiological, psychological, or social state caused by a lack of nutrition, a deficiency, a physiological problem, a genetic problem, a pathogen, or any other reason.

Types of Diseases

Parts of the Body Affected by Diseases

Disease	Affected Body Part
Arthritis	Joints
Asthma	Bronchial Muscles
Cataract	Eyes
Diabetes	Pancreas
Diphtheria	Throat
Eczema	Skin
Glaucoma	Eyes
Goitre	Thyroid Gland
Jaundice	Liver
Leukemia	Blood
Malaria	Spleen
Meningitis	Brain and Spinal Cord
Otitis	Ears
Paralysis	Nerves
Pneumonia	Lungs
Polio	Legs
Pyorrhoea	Teeth and Gums
Rheumatism	Joints
Sinusitis	Inflammation of sinus linings
Tonsillitis	Tonsils
Trachoma	Eyes
Tuberculosis	Lungs
Typhoid	Intestines

Diseases and Causative Agents

Causative Agent	Disease
Bacteria	Diphtheria, Gonorrhoea, Meningitis, Cholera, Leprosy, Typhoid, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Plague, Whooping Cough, Pneumonia
Virus	Chicken Pox, Small Pox, Measle, Mumps, AIDS, Yellow fever, Influenza, Dengue fever, Rabies, Polio-meritis phelebotomus
Protozoans	Malaria, Sleeping sickness, Kala-azar, Leishmaniasis, Amoebic dysentery
Fungus	Athlete's foot, Ringworms, Madura foot, Dhobi's itch
Helminths	Filaria, Tapeworm and Hookworm transmission

List of Diseases Spread through Viruses

Name of disease	Description
Common cold	Caused by: Large variety of viruses, commonly rhino-virus (RNA Virus) Parts of body affected: Respiratory passages
Smallpox	Caused by: Variola virus (DNA virus) Parts of body affected: Respiratory passages, then skin
Influenza	Caused by: A myxovirus (RNA virus) Parts of body affected: Respiratory passages: epithelial lining of trachea and bronchi.
Measles	Caused by: A paramyxovirus (RNA virus) Parts of body affected: Respiratory passages, spreading to skin and intestines.
Chickenpox	Caused by: Varicella- zoster Parts of body affected: Blistering Skin rash
Mumps	Caused by: A paramyxovirus (RNA virus) Parts of body affected: Respiratory passages, infection via blood, salivary glands, testes in adult males
German measles (Rubella)	Caused by: Rubella virus Parts of body affected: Respiratory passages, lymph nodes in neck, eyes and skin.
Poliomyelitis (polio)	Caused by: Poliovirus (RNA Virus) Parts of body affected: Pharynx and intestines, then blood; occasionally motor neurons in spinal cord, paralysis may occur.
Yellow fever	Caused by: An arbovirus i.e arthropod-borne virus (RNA Virus) Parts of body affected: Lining of blood vessels and liver
Zika disease	Caused by: Zika Virus (mosquito borne disease) Parts of body affected: Causes mild illness in the people like dengue, yellow fever
AIDS	Caused by: Retrovirus (RNA virus) Parts of body affected: Skin Cancer
Ebola haemorrhagic fever	Caused by: Ebola Virus disease (EVD) Parts of body affected: Fatal Illness in Humans, Fever

List of Diseases Caused by Bacteria

Name of disease	Description
Whooping cough (Pertussis)	Caused by: Bordetella pertussis Parts of body affected: Upper respiratory tract, inducing violent coughing Medium of spread: Droplet infection
Diphtheria	Caused by: Corynebacterium diphtheria Parts of body affected: Upper respiratory tract, mainly throat also toxin affects heart. Medium of spread: Droplet infection
Tuberculosis (TB)	Caused by: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Parts of body affected: Mainly lungs Medium of spread: Droplet infection, Drinking milk from infected cattle
Gonorrhoea	Caused by: Neisseria gonorrhoeae Parts of body affected: Reproductive organs Medium of spread: Contagion by sexual contact
Tetanus	Caused by: Clostridium tetani Parts of body affected: Blood Medium of spread: Wound infection
Syphilis	Caused by: Treponema pallidum Parts of body affected: Reproductive organs, then eyes, bones, joints, central nervous system, heart and skin. Medium of spread: Contagion by sexual contact
Cholera	Caused by: Vibrio cholera Parts of body affected: Alimentary canal: mainly small intestine Medium of spread: Faecal contamination
Bacterial food poisoning (gastro enteritis or salmonellosis)	Caused by: Salmonella spp. Parts of body affected: Alimentary canal Medium of spread: Mainly foodborne meat from infected animals from poultry and pigs. Also via faecal contamination
Typhoid fever	Caused by: Salmonella typhi Parts of body affected: Alimentary canal, then spreading to lymph and blood, lungs, bone marrow, spleen Medium of spread: Faecal contamination
Bacterial dysentery	Caused by: Shigella dysenteriae Parts of body affected: Alimentary canal, mainly ileum and colon Medium of spread: Faecal contamination

Important Information about Human Body

Biggest Organ: Skin
Heart Beat: 72 times in a minute
Largest Gland: liver
Number of Bone: 206
Number of Muscles: 640
Number of chromosomes: 46 or 23 pairs
Normal Blood Pressure: 80 to 120
Teeth: 32
Volume of Blood: About 7 litres in normal body or about 7% of the total body weight.
Largest; Part of human Brain: Cerebrum