Which of the Following are Ingot Defects? 1. Pipes 2. Cracks 3. Scabs 4. None of the Above
By BYJU'S Exam Prep
Updated on: November 9th, 2023
Pipes, cracks, and scabs are ingot defects. A relatively pure substance, usually metal, is cast into an appropriate shape for subsequent processing to create an ingot. It is the first stage of the semi-finished casting products used in steel production.
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Ingot Defects
It is now widely accepted that ingot defects like hot tears or cracks have their origins in the development of the solid shell. Damages occur due to rivalry between the solidifying skin under tensile stresses and strain conditions and the hydrostatic pressure within the turbulent flow of the liquid zone.
- The thermal energy that the mold extracts from the cast product also significantly affects the thickness of the shell.
- To generate a functional end product, ingots typically require a second shaping process, such as cold/hot working, cutting, or milling.
- It is based on the expansion of the air gap caused by the solidifying metal’s shrinking and the deformation of the mold’s components.
- Additionally, during the pouring step, it is possible to put mold flux between the mold and ingot shell, which also affects the heat exchanges.
Pipes, cracks, and scabs are ingot defects. When cast using mold-based techniques, non-metallic and semiconductor materials created in bulk form may also be referred to as ingots.
Summary:
Which of the Following are Ingot Defects?
The flaws in ingots are pipes, cracks, and scabs. Damages happen as a result of competition between the hydrostatic pressure within the turbulent flow of the liquid zone and the solidifying skin under tensile stresses and strain conditions.
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