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Which is Caused by the Sudden Movements of the Earth? (a) Earthquake (b) Volcano (c) Folding (d) Floodplain

By BYJU'S Exam Prep

Updated on: November 9th, 2023

Volcanoes and earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of the earth. Disruptions on the Earth’s surface are a common cause of many volcanic eruptions. These movements on the Earth’s surface are caused by endogenous forces and come from the great depths of the Earth. These forces act very rapidly and can cause disastrous consequences under the Earth and on the surface within minutes.

Sudden Movements of the Earth Causes

The two most common effects of sudden movements of the earth can be earthquakes and volcanoes. The origin point of an earthquake within the Earth’s surface is known as the focus or hypocenter. On the other hand, a focus just above the hypocenter or on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. This is where the most damage occurs. Find some interesting details in the given pointers:

  • The movement of tectonic plates can cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
  • Earthquakes can often trigger volcanic eruptions.
  • Earthquakes and volcanoes are a result of the release of heat and energy from the earth’s core.

The magnitude or intensity of an earthquake is measured by an instrumental scale known as the Richter magnitude scale. Earthquakes generate different types of seismic waves such as longitudinal P-waves, transverse S-waves, and surface waves. The effects of earthquakes are landslides, floods, liquefaction of soil, aftershocks, groundbreaking, tsunami, etc.

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