Defence Exam Notes | English:Verb

Definition- A verb expresses action or a state of being and tells what the subject of the clause is or does. A verb is necessary to make a complete statement and is an integral part of a sentence. 

For example:

Tina is singing.

They play together.

Miya is eating her dinner.

A verb is a "doing" word. That expresses:

• A physical action (e.g., to eat, to write, to drink).
• A mental action (e.g., to think, to wonder, to consider).
• A state of being (e.g., to be, to appear, to exist).

 The Types of Verbs

1. ACTION VERB - Main verbs or action verbs express action or activity, something that an animal, a person or a thing can do or does. 

For example:

• The leopard chased the dear.
• Riya eats pudding.
• The dog is hungry.
• The monkey jumps.

2. HELPING VERBS – Helping verbs are also known as Auxiliary verbs and are used together with a main verb to show the verb's tense or to form a question or a negative.

For example:

• We are in the playhouse.
• We are learning German.
• You should do it.
• I will go home after tuition.

3. LINKING VERBS- Linking verbs are also known as the state of being verbs, Linking verbs link the subject of a sentence with either a noun (which renames the subject) or the Adjective (which modifies the subject).

For example:

• The flowers are colourful.
• I feel energized.
• I am the bus driver.
• Custard tastes delicious.

4. TRANSITIVE VERB - A Transitive verb expresses an action directed towards a person, place or thing. It is the verb that acts on something.

For example:

• I saw a dog.
• Jiya cut the cake.
• The ball was kicked.
• The building was demolished.
• She is writing an essay.
• The potter has made a beautiful pot.

5. INTRANSITIVE VERB – A verb which does not need an object to make complete sense is called an intransitive verb. An intransitive verb is one that is NOT followed by a direct object.

Note: An intransitive verb may be followed by adverbs, adjectives, and prepositional phrases.

The verb is considered as an intransitive verb when it does not follow a noun or pronoun which functions as direct objects.

For example:

• The cat sneezed.
• My leg hurts.
• The ball fell.
• He finally left. 
• The thief was hiding.

TENSE OF VERB:

Verb tenses are used to show time. Verb tenses tell when events happen, happened, or will happen. 

Simple Tense Present - The present tense may express an action that is repeated or ongoing. Verbs that express actions occurring now are said to be in the Present Tense.

Example: Jim jumps out of the window.

Past - Verbs that express actions in the past are said to be in the Past tense. The Past tense expresses an activity that has already happened. In regular verbs, It is formed by adding –ed or –d to the base form. In irregular verbs, the past tense takes a variety of types. 

Example: I ran to the house.

Future - The future tense expresses an action that will take place in the future. These are usually formed by preceding the verb with the word will.

Example: I will take the blame.

                 I will take you home.

PARTICIPLES:

Participles are formed from verbs. 

There are two types: Present Participle and past participle. Present participles end in -ing. Past participles have many endings (e.g., -ed, -en).

V1                        V2                         V3

Begin                 Began                   Begun

Bite                    Bit                         Bitten

Bend                  Bent                     Bent 

Fly                     Flew                      Flown

Freeze               Froze                    Frozen

Know                 Knew                     Known

Sing                   Sang                     Sung

Tear                   Tore                      Torn

Write                 Wrote                     Written

Win                    Won                       Won 

EXERCISE ON VERB:

1. Your friends ______ for you for over an hour (wait).
2. When I reached the station, the train had ______ (Leave).
3. It is not worth _____(pay) so much money for this show.
4. His company is greatly ______ (seen) after.
5. The terrified people ______ (run) to the mountains.
6. When I saw the child, he was _______ (cry).
7. Teena ______ (come) to my house to give me the good news.
8. She never _______(miss) any class.
9. She _______ (Decide) to go to the U.K for further studies.
10. This habit _____ (help) her a lot.

Answers-

• Waited 

• Left 

• Paying

• Sought  

• Ran 

• Crying 

• Came 

• Misses 

• Decide 

•  Helped 

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