World Climate Types: Hot Wet Equatorial climate;Tropical Monsoon Climate for UPPSC Mains

By Nitin Singhal|Updated : February 4th, 2021

Hello aspirants,

This article is about World Climate Types: Hot Wet Equatorial climate; Tropical Monsoon Climate for UPPSC Mains GS Paper I. This article is beneficial for both revision and answer writing.

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World climatic types:

The world is divided into different climatic zones depending upon its characteristics, vegetation, flora, fauna and economic activity. Those are as given in the diagram-

Climatic Type: Hot wet equatorial climate

Climate (Temperature & Precipitation):

Uniformity of temperature throughout the year.
Both diurnal and annual range of temperature is small.
Heavy rainfall (60-100 inches) well distributed throughout the year with double rainfall peaks
The highest rainfall occurs at the time of equinoxes and least rainfall at the time of summer and winter solstice

Distribution:

Between 5-10 degrees north and south of the equator

Vegetation & Wildlife:

Tropical rainforest type vegetation
‘Selvas’- Dense rainforest with the dense canopy
Evergreen trees e.g. ebony, mahogany, greenheart, cabinet woods and dyewoods.

Major Tribes:

Indian tribes of Amazon basin
Pygmies of Congo basin
Orang Asli of Malaysia

Climatic Type: The Tropical Monsoon Climate

Climate (Temperature & Precipitation):

The mean temperature of a month is above 18 degrees Celsius.
Summer: 30-45 degrees Celsius, Winter: 15-30 degrees Celsius.
Annual mean rainfall- 200-250 cm
On-shore wet monsoons in the summer and off-shore dry monsoons in the winter.
Presence of distinct seasons- Cool and dry season (October- February), Hot and dry season (March to mid-June), Rainy season (mid-June to September).

Distribution:

5 to 30 degrees north and south of the equator.
Tropical Monsoon climate experienced in Indian sub-continent, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, parts of Vietnam, south China and northern Australia.