Reasoning Special: Tricks to solve Venn Diagram Question for Teaching Exams

By Neha Joshi|Updated : September 30th, 2022

In this article, we should read related to the Tricks to solve Venn Diagram, Important for the upcoming the DSSSB (PRT & TGT).

Dear Readers,

The reasoning is one of the most scoring subjects of T and all other competitive exams and one of the easiest chapters in this section is from the “Logical Venn Diagram”. Around 1-2 questions are covered from this topic and if the candidate is able to apply his thinking ability properly, he can easily score well on these questions.

In this post, we are covering all the possible concepts from the topic “Logical Venn Diagram”.

Logical Venn Diagram:- 
This is that part of logical reasoning which is present in every SSC paper. These types of questions aim to test a candidate’s ability to classify and relate certain groups of items. This section is one of the most scoring sections in Reasoning for SSC as all one has to do is just look at the image and data asked/given and answer the question straight away. But many candidates fail to utilize the simplicity of these questions as they don’t know where to look for and what information.

What exactly is the Venn diagram?

  • These diagrams were given by John Venn. To put it simply, these diagrams show all possible logical relationships between numbers of elements.
  • In a typical Venn diagram, usually, there’s a use of geometrical figures like Circles, Triangles, Squares & Rectangles.
  • A basic Venn diagram has data represented in ‘Circles’.

1.  In a country three persons A, B and C  live. They are three different people. This information can be represented as:

image001

Here, we can see that A, B and C are different elements so they’ve represented by different circles.

2. if we were to represent information in which two elements are intermingled while the third one is different we’ll do that a bit differently.

For example, Hindu, Indian, and Parrot. Now, logically we know that Some Hindus are Indian (as some Hindus might be living abroad and be Australian or any other country’s citizen) and also, no Parrot is Hindu(as animals have no religion) also no Parrot is Indian (as no animal has ethnicity). This information about Hindus, Indians, and Parrot can be represented as follows:

image002

Here, the shaded area shows those Hindus who are Indians at the same time. The parrot is represented in a different circle.

3. Suppose, we need to convey this: Dog, Animal, Cow.
Now we know that all dogs are animals (clearly no dog is human) so the circle of ‘dog’ will have to be completely surrounded by a circle of animals though the circle of animals can have some spare space aside from the dog as the dog isn’t the only animal. Similarly, all ‘cows’ are animals so the circle of ‘cow’ will have to be completely surrounded by a circle of animals though the circle of animals can have some spare space aside from the cow as a cow isn’t the only animal. This information can be represented as:

image003

Here, we can see that ‘Animal’ has been represented by a big circle which encompasses the circles for both ‘cow’ and ‘dog. Notice, that the circle for ‘animal’ has some spare space as this can contain other types of animals because ‘cow’ and ‘dog’ aren’t the only types of animal.

Types of questions asked in the Competition Exam:
Let’s have a look at the type of questions asked specifically in teaching exams. There are basically two types of questions:
1) Finding relationships: To solve these kinds of questions, we need to have a strong grip on common relationships that exist in the world around us. To define the relationship between Catholics & Christian we need to know that Catholics are the type of Christians hence we can easily conclude that all Catholics are Christian but some Christians will not be Catholics as they will be the other type of Christians. This information can be represented as:

image004

 A typical question might look like this: Dean, Painter, Singer.
We live in a diverse world where people can be multi-talented also people possess just one talent so this info can be represented by 7 categories of people:
a) Who are only Dean

b) Who are only Painter

c) Who are only Singer

d) Who are both Dean & Painter

e) Who are both Painter & Singer

f) Who are both Singer & Dean

g) Who are all Dean, Painter & Singer?
This information can be represented by Venn diagram as follow: (for the reader’s convenience, the different regions have been labelled as named above but in exams, questions haven’t been marked this way)

image005

2) Finding the exact region: These are the reverse version of the questions discussed above. Here, the diagram with the labelled image is given and we’ve to identify the region specifically asked in the question.
For example, an image like the below will be given:

image006
Circle S stands for households having a scooter, Circle T stands for households having a TV set,
Circle W stands for households having a Washing Machine, Circle C stands for households having a car.
Find household having both TV set, Car and Washing Machine but not a scooter. (Question ends)

Now, if we look closely we can see that four distinct items have been, these 4 distinct items can be seen as:

image007

Now, there are places where only ‘Circle S and Circle T’ meet, such place can be represented in the figure below with ‘orange’ colour, similarly, the following colours have been used to represent different regions:
1) Green = Only (T, W and S) 2) Yellow = Only (T and W) 3) Purple = Only (W and C) 4) Blue = Only (S, W and C) 5) Baby Pink = Only (S and T) 6) White = Only (S, T and C) 7) Light brown = Only (T, W and C) 8) Red = All S,T, W and C.

image008

Note: You don’t have to make such a colourful representation in the exam. It’s been only colourized to help you visualise the different regions with specific labels.
Now, we have to find a household with a TV, Washing machine, and car but not a scooter.
We know that TV = Circle T, Washing Machine = Circle W, Car = Circle C, Scooter = Circle S
So, we have to find where Circle T, W and C meet but not S.
We can clearly see that such a region is represented by a light brown region which was marked as ‘7’ in the original question figure.
A similar question can be given which represents different elements using different figures like rectangle, triangle etc. as shown below:

image009

Here, Circle represents college Professors, and the triangle represents Surgeons and chemists are shown by the rectangle.
Find the area where Surgeons who are Chemists but not Professors are represented.
To find the area representing only Surgeons and Chemists, we need to look for where ONLY Triangle(=Surgeons) and Rectangle(=Chemist) meet and no sign of Circle(=professor).
Clearly, such area is shown by region marked as Z only (and not Y because that would include Circle also).

image010

Thanks!

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