Political Structure of Madhya Pradesh

State Legislature

The Indian Constitution made provisions for State Legislature under Articles 168-177.
The Legislative Assembly in Madhya Pradesh was constituted in 1957 after the state creation in 1956.
At that time, 288 seats were there in which 43 seats were reserved for Scheduled Castes and 54 seats were reserved for Scheduled Tribes.
After the creation of Chhattisgarh in 2000, the assembly seats got revised to 143 in which 35 seats and 47 seats got reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes respectively.
There are 230 seats in the MP legislative assembly at present.
Tenure- 5 years
The Madhya Pradesh State Legislature is divided into two parts
- State Legislative Assembly
- Governor

Vidhan Sabha Hall

President Rule in Madhya Pradesh

Under Article 153, there will be a Governor for a state.
He/she is the constitutional head of the state.
7th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1956 also made provision that there will be one Governor for two or more states.
Article 155- Appointment of Governor by the President
Article 155 (a)- Term of 5 years for Governor.
He/she is administered the oath of office by the Chief Justice of High Court.
He/she draws their salary from Consolidated Fund of India.
Powers of Governor-

Tenure- 5 years
If President rule was imposed in the state under Article 356, then the cabinet got suspended.
First Chief Minister- Ravi Shankar Shukla
First Lady Chief Minister- Uma Bharti
CM of lowest tenure- Arjun Singh (1 day) and Raja Naresh Chandra Singh (13 days)

Establishment date of MP High court- 1Nov 1956
Principal Bench of Madhya Pradesh high court- Jabalpur
Circuit benches of MP High court located at Indore and Gwalior
Proposed bench of MP High Court- Bhopal
The building of the Principal bench constructed by Raja Gokuldas and Henry Irwin is the architect.
Total number of judges- 53
First Chief Justice- M. Hidayatullah (11th Chief Justice)
First Lady Chief Justice- Sarojini Saxena
Present Chief Judge of MP High court- Ravi Malimath

First Chief Secretary- H. S. Kamath
Present Chief Secretary- Sh. Iqbal Singh Bais
Madhya Pradesh is divided into 10 divisions, 52 districts, 313 development sections and 377 tehsils.

The Madhya Pradesh police is headed by the Director General of Police (DGP) who is an IPS officer.
He administers the five police ranges- Gwalior, Indore, Rewa, Jabalpur and Raipur.
Police Headquarters- Bhopal
Railway Police Force headquarters is located in Bhopal, which is divided into three police sections- Bhopal, Indore and Jabalpur.
First DGP- B.P. Dubey
First Lady DGP- Asha Gopalan
Present DGP- SHRI Vivek Johari
The State Crime Bureau was established in 1983 and its headquarters are located in Bhopal.
First Metro Station of Madhya Pradesh- Habibganj
First ISO certified Police Station- Dewas
Cyber Forensic Lab- Bhopal
Cyber Police Headquarters- Bhopal
Police Band School- Bhopal

73rd Constitutional Amendment, 1992 provides constitutional status to Rural bodies. Madhya Pradesh is the first state that followed the 73rd amendment of Constitution.
The three-tier system in Madhya Pradesh.

First Gram Nyayalaya- Neemuch
First Gram Panchayat- Jhatla
After Bihar, Madhya Pradesh is the second state in India to provide 50 percent reservation to women.

74th Constitutional Amendment, 1992 provides constitutional status to Urban bodies.

The mayors are directly elected by the people, while deputy mayors are chosen by the mayors.
First Nagar Palika of Madhya Pradesh- Jabalpur (1864)
First Nagar Palika of Madhya Pradesh (in independent India)- Datiya (1983)
First transgender Mayor- Kamla Jaan (Katni Municipality).