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Question 10
बच्चों के सकारात्मक आत्मबोध के लिए यह जरुरी है कि उनकी सकारात्मक छवि को उभारा जाए। आप जानते हैं कि इस सकारात्मक छवि के बनने में बड़ों की, परिवार, समाज और हम उम्र साथियों की बहुत बड़ी भूमिका होती है। ये सभी बच्चों को किस नजर से देखते हैं -ये बच्चे के लिए अत्यंत महत्त्वपूर्ण होता है। सकारात्मक नजर माने सकारात्मक छवि और नकारात्मक नजर माने नकारात्मक छवि। बच्चों की क्षमताओं, योग्यताओं में विश्वास करना और इस विश्वास को बच्चों तक संप्रेषित करना भी उतना ही अनिवार्य है जितना कि उन पर विश्वास करना। अनेक माता-पिता अपने बच्चों से बेहद स्नेह करते हैं, लेकिन कभी प्रकट नहीं करते। ऐसी स्थिति में बच्चों तक उनके स्नेह का संप्रेषण नहीं हो पाता और बच्चों एवं उनके अभिभावकों के बीच संवादहीनता अपना प्रभाव दिखाने लगती है। अतः यह जरूरी है, माता-पिता अपने बच्चों के साथ बातचीत करते रहें और उनकी क्षमताओं को विकसित होने के अवसर उपलब्ध करवाते रहें। बच्चों के समग्र विकास के लिए उनके मनोविज्ञान, मनोवैज्ञानिक विशेषताओं को समझना जरुरी है। विश्वास, सुरक्षा की भावना बच्चों में एकाग्रता, आत्मविश्वास, जैसे गुणों का विकास करने में मदद करेगी। जिनमें सकारात्मक आत्मबोध-आत्मविश्वास है वे जीवन की कठिनाईयों का सामना धैयपूर्वक करने में सक्षम होते हैं।
Question 11
छाया मत छूना
मन, होगा दुख दूना।
जीवन में हैं सुरंग सुधियाँ सुहावनी
छवियों की चित्र-गंध फैली मनभावनी;
तन-सुगंध शेष रही, बीत गई यामिनी,
कुंतल के फूलों की याद बनी चाँदनी।
भूली-सी एक छुअन बनता हर जीवित क्षण-
छाया मत छूना
मन, होगा दुख दूना।
यश है या न वैभव है, मान है न सरमाया;
जितना ही दौड़ा तू उतना ही भरमाया।
प्रभुता का शरण-बिंब केवल मृगतृष्णा है,
हर चंद्रिका में छिपी एक रात कृष्णा है।
जो है यथार्थ कठिन उसका तू कर पूजन-
छाया मत छूना
मन, होगा दुख दूना।
दुविधा-हत साहस है, दिखता है पंथ नहीं,
देह सुखी हो पर मन के दुख का अंत नहीं।
दुख है न चाँद खिला शरद-रात आने पर,
क्या हुआ जो खिला फूल रस-बसंत जाने पर?
जो न मिला भूल उसे कर तू भविष्य वरण,
Question 12
Question 13
As science progresses, superstitions ought to grow less. On the whole, that is true. However, it is surprising how superstitions linger on. If we are tempted to look down on savage tribes for holding such ideas, we should remember that even today, among most civilised nations, a great many equally stupid superstitions exist and are believed in by a great many people.
Some people will not sit down thirteen at a table; or will not like to start anything important on a Friday; or refuse to walk under a ladder. Many people buy charms and talismans because they think they will bring them luck. Even in civilised nations today, many laws are made on the basis of principles which are just as much unproved. For instance, it is often held as a principle that white people are by nature superior to people of other colours. The ancient Greeks believed that they were superior to the people of Northern and Western Europe. The only way to see if there is anything in such a principle is to make scientific studies of a number of white and black and brown people under different conditions of life and find out just what they can and cannot achieve.
It is however, true that the increase of scientific knowledge does reduce superstition and also baseless guessing and useless arguments and practices. Civilised people do not argue and get angry about what water is composed of. The composition of water is known, and there is no argument about it.
Question 14
As science progresses, superstitions ought to grow less. On the whole, that is true. However, it is surprising how superstitions linger on. If we are tempted to look down on savage tribes for holding such ideas, we should remember that even today, among most civilised nations, a great many equally stupid superstitions exist and are believed in by a great many people.
Some people will not sit down thirteen at a table; or will not like to start anything important on a Friday; or refuse to walk under a ladder. Many people buy charms and talismans because they think they will bring them luck. Even in civilised nations today, many laws are made on the basis of principles which are just as much unproved. For instance, it is often held as a principle that white people are by nature superior to people of other colours. The ancient Greeks believed that they were superior to the people of Northern and Western Europe. The only way to see if there is anything in such a principle is to make scientific studies of a number of white and black and brown people under different conditions of life and find out just what they can and cannot achieve.
It is however, true that the increase of scientific knowledge does reduce superstition and also baseless guessing and useless arguments and practices. Civilised people do not argue and get angry about what water is composed of. The composition of water is known, and there is no argument about it.
Question 15
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CTET & State TET Exams