TAXONOMICAL AIDS
- They help in the systemic study of diverse organisms.
- Various techniques and procedures are developed to store and preserve the information about different life forms either in the live form or in the form of specimens.
- Herbarium, Zoological parks, Botanical gardens, Museums, etc. are some of the Taxonomical aids.
HERBARIUM
- A storehouse of collected plant specimens.
- Specimens are dried, pressed and preserved on sheets ( 41 X 29 cm2 or 16.5 X 11.5 inches ).
- Label on the lower right-hand side contains information such as -
- Collection date of the specimen.
- Place from where the specimen was collected.
- English name of the specimen.
- Local or vernacular name of the specimen.
- Botanical name of the specimen.
- Family of the specimen.
- Name of the person or organization who collects that specimen.
- These specimens are then arranged in a particular sequence according to universally accepted system of classification.
In India, we follow Bentham and Hooker system of classification for such sequential arrangement. |
- RENOWNED HERBARIA AROUND THE WORLD
- Royal Botanical Garden, Kew, England.
- Central National Herbarium, Kolkata ,India.
- Herbarium of the Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India.
- Herbarium of the National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
BOTANICAL GARDENS
- It is an enclosed piece of land where numerous kinds of plants are grown.
- It is a type of ex-situ conservation.
- Each plant is labelled with its botanical/scientific name with its family name.
- LIST OF SOME BOTANICAL GARDENS
- Royal Botanical Garden, Kew, England.
- National Botanical Garden, Lucknow.
- Indian Botanical Garden, Howrah, India.
- Llyod Botanical Garden, Darjeeling.
MUSEUM
- Museums are used for storing, preservation and exhibition of plants and animals.
- Specimens are stored in the containers or jars in the preservative solution like formalin.
- Dry specimens of plants and animals can also be preserved.
- Insects are also preserved in museums after collecting, killing and finally pinning.
- Many museums possess the collection of animal skeletons too.
- National Museum of Natural History of Delhi is one of the finest museums in India.
ZOOLOGICAL PARKS
- Referred to as an ex-situ conservation of animals.
- Commonly known as zoos where live wild animals are provided with the conditions similar to their natural habitat as much as possible.
- E.g. - National Zoological Park, Delhi, India.
KEY
- Identification of plants and animals can be done with the help of keys, on the basis of similarities and differences.
- Set of contrasting characters in a pair ( known as couplet ) are included in the keys.
- Each statement in the key or character of the couplet is known as Lead.
- Keys are analytical in nature.
- Different taxonomic categories like species, genus etc. have separate taxonomic keys.
FLORA, MANUALS, MONOGRAPHS AND CATALOGUES
- They have recorded descriptions of plants, animals and other organisms.
Flora
- Book consists of information regarding different plants found in a particular area.
- E.g. Flora of Delhi by J.K. Maheshwari.
Manual
- Consists of detailed description of plants growing in a particular area.
- Useful in providing information regarding the identification of names of species native to an area.
Monograph
- Contains information about one taxon only either of plant or animal.
Catalogue
- Consists of an alphabetical arrangement of species of a particular place with their features.
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