NIACL AO Mains English Super Quiz: 03.02.2019
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Question 1
Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Among those suffering from the global recession are millions of workers who are not even included in the official statics: urban recyclers. The trash pickers, sorters, traders, and reprocessors who extricate paper, cardboard and plastics from garbage heaps and prepare them for reuse. Their work is both unrecorded and largely unrecognized, even though in some parts of the world they handle as much as 20 percent of all waste.
The world’s 15 million informal recyclers clean up cities, prevent some trash from ending in landfills and thus, reduce climate change by saving energy on waste disposal techniques like incineration. In developed countries, they are the preferred ones since they recycle waste much more cheaply and efficiently than governments or private corporations can. In the developing world, on the other band, provide only recycling services except for a few big cities. But as recession hits the markets worldwide, the price of scrap metal, paper, and plastic has also fallen Recyclers throughout the world are experiencing a sharp drop in income. Trash pickers and scrap dealers saw a decline of as much as 80 percent in the price of scrap from October 2007 to October 2009.
In some countries, scrap dealers have shuttered so quickly that researchers at the solid waste management association didn’t have a chance to record their losses. In Delhi, some 80 percent of families in the informal recycling business surveyed by an organization said they had cut back on “luxury foods” which they defined as fruit, milk, and meat. About 41 percent had stopped buying milk for their children. By this summer, most of those children, already malnourished, hadn’t had a glass of milk in nine months. Many of these children have also cut down on hours spent in school to work alongside their parents. Families have liquidated their most valuable assets- primarily copper from electrical wires-and have stopped sending remittances back to their rural villages. Many have also sold their emergency stones of grains. Their misery is not as familiar as that of the laid-off workers of big-name but imploding, service sector corporations, but if is often more tragic.
Few countries have adopted emergency measures to help trash pickers. Brazil, for one, is providing recyclers, or “catadores,” with cheaper food, both through arrangements with local farmers and by offering food subsidies. Other countries, with the support of non-governmental organizations and donor agencies, are following Brazil’s example. Unfortunately, most trash pickers operate official notice and end up falling through the cracks of programs like these. In the long run, though these invisible workers will remain especially vulnerable to economic slowdowns unless they are integrated into the formal business sector, where they can have insurance and reliable wages. This is not hard to accomplish. Informal junk shops should create or expand doorstep waste collection programs to employ trash pickers. Instead of sorting through haphazard trash heaps and landfills, the pickers would have access to the cleaner scrap that comes from households.
The need of the hour, however, is a more immediate solution. An efficient but temporary solution would be for governments where they’d have to pay a small subsidy to waste dealers so they could purchase scrap from trash pickers at about 20 percent above the current price. This increase, if well advertised and broadly utilized, would bring recyclers a higher price and eventually bring them back from the brink. Trash pickers make our cities healthier and more liveable. We all stand to gain by making sure that the work of recycling remains sustainable for years to come.
Source: https://www.nytimes.com
Question 2
Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Among those suffering from the global recession are millions of workers who are not even included in the official statics: urban recyclers. The trash pickers, sorters, traders, and reprocessors who extricate paper, cardboard and plastics from garbage heaps and prepare them for reuse. Their work is both unrecorded and largely unrecognized, even though in some parts of the world they handle as much as 20 percent of all waste.
The world’s 15 million informal recyclers clean up cities, prevent some trash from ending in landfills and thus, reduce climate change by saving energy on waste disposal techniques like incineration. In developed countries, they are the preferred ones since they recycle waste much more cheaply and efficiently than governments or private corporations can. In the developing world, on the other band, provide only recycling services except for a few big cities. But as recession hits the markets worldwide, the price of scrap metal, paper, and plastic has also fallen Recyclers throughout the world are experiencing a sharp drop in income. Trash pickers and scrap dealers saw a decline of as much as 80 percent in the price of scrap from October 2007 to October 2009.
In some countries, scrap dealers have shuttered so quickly that researchers at the solid waste management association didn’t have a chance to record their losses. In Delhi, some 80 percent of families in the informal recycling business surveyed by an organization said they had cut back on “luxury foods” which they defined as fruit, milk, and meat. About 41 percent had stopped buying milk for their children. By this summer, most of those children, already malnourished, hadn’t had a glass of milk in nine months. Many of these children have also cut down on hours spent in school to work alongside their parents. Families have liquidated their most valuable assets- primarily copper from electrical wires-and have stopped sending remittances back to their rural villages. Many have also sold their emergency stones of grains. Their misery is not as familiar as that of the laid-off workers of big-name but imploding, service sector corporations, but if is often more tragic.
Few countries have adopted emergency measures to help trash pickers. Brazil, for one, is providing recyclers, or “catadores,” with cheaper food, both through arrangements with local farmers and by offering food subsidies. Other countries, with the support of non-governmental organizations and donor agencies, are following Brazil’s example. Unfortunately, most trash pickers operate official notice and end up falling through the cracks of programs like these. In the long run, though these invisible workers will remain especially vulnerable to economic slowdowns unless they are integrated into the formal business sector, where they can have insurance and reliable wages. This is not hard to accomplish. Informal junk shops should create or expand doorstep waste collection programs to employ trash pickers. Instead of sorting through haphazard trash heaps and landfills, the pickers would have access to the cleaner scrap that comes from households.
The need of the hour, however, is a more immediate solution. An efficient but temporary solution would be for governments where they’d have to pay a small subsidy to waste dealers so they could purchase scrap from trash pickers at about 20 percent above the current price. This increase, if well advertised and broadly utilized, would bring recyclers a higher price and eventually bring them back from the brink. Trash pickers make our cities healthier and more liveable. We all stand to gain by making sure that the work of recycling remains sustainable for years to come.
Source: https://www.nytimes.com
(A) Helping them with the aid of NGOs.
(B) Taking steps to make the scrap pickers have access to cleaner scrap.
(C) Providing food subsidies to the recyclers.
Question 3
Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Among those suffering from the global recession are millions of workers who are not even included in the official statics: urban recyclers. The trash pickers, sorters, traders, and reprocessors who extricate paper, cardboard and plastics from garbage heaps and prepare them for reuse. Their work is both unrecorded and largely unrecognized, even though in some parts of the world they handle as much as 20 percent of all waste.
The world’s 15 million informal recyclers clean up cities, prevent some trash from ending in landfills and thus, reduce climate change by saving energy on waste disposal techniques like incineration. In developed countries, they are the preferred ones since they recycle waste much more cheaply and efficiently than governments or private corporations can. In the developing world, on the other band, provide only recycling services except for a few big cities. But as recession hits the markets worldwide, the price of scrap metal, paper, and plastic has also fallen Recyclers throughout the world are experiencing a sharp drop in income. Trash pickers and scrap dealers saw a decline of as much as 80 percent in the price of scrap from October 2007 to October 2009.
In some countries, scrap dealers have shuttered so quickly that researchers at the solid waste management association didn’t have a chance to record their losses. In Delhi, some 80 percent of families in the informal recycling business surveyed by an organization said they had cut back on “luxury foods” which they defined as fruit, milk, and meat. About 41 percent had stopped buying milk for their children. By this summer, most of those children, already malnourished, hadn’t had a glass of milk in nine months. Many of these children have also cut down on hours spent in school to work alongside their parents. Families have liquidated their most valuable assets- primarily copper from electrical wires-and have stopped sending remittances back to their rural villages. Many have also sold their emergency stones of grains. Their misery is not as familiar as that of the laid-off workers of big-name but imploding, service sector corporations, but if is often more tragic.
Few countries have adopted emergency measures to help trash pickers. Brazil, for one, is providing recyclers, or “catadores,” with cheaper food, both through arrangements with local farmers and by offering food subsidies. Other countries, with the support of non-governmental organizations and donor agencies, are following Brazil’s example. Unfortunately, most trash pickers operate official notice and end up falling through the cracks of programs like these. In the long run, though these invisible workers will remain especially vulnerable to economic slowdowns unless they are integrated into the formal business sector, where they can have insurance and reliable wages. This is not hard to accomplish. Informal junk shops should create or expand doorstep waste collection programs to employ trash pickers. Instead of sorting through haphazard trash heaps and landfills, the pickers would have access to the cleaner scrap that comes from households.
The need of the hour, however, is a more immediate solution. An efficient but temporary solution would be for governments where they’d have to pay a small subsidy to waste dealers so they could purchase scrap from trash pickers at about 20 percent above the current price. This increase, if well advertised and broadly utilized, would bring recyclers a higher price and eventually bring them back from the brink. Trash pickers make our cities healthier and more liveable. We all stand to gain by making sure that the work of recycling remains sustainable for years to come.
Source: https://www.nytimes.com
Which step(s) does/do the author suggest in order to immediately revive waste recyclers from the adversity?
I. Enabling the scrap dealers to purchase scarp at a price higher than that of the market
II. By advertising recycling as a profitable business amongst the informal recyclers
III. Banning the waste collection by informal trash pickers
IV. Supporting the families of the recyclers until the recession tides
Question 4
Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Among those suffering from the global recession are millions of workers who are not even included in the official statics: urban recyclers. The trash pickers, sorters, traders, and reprocessors who extricate paper, cardboard and plastics from garbage heaps and prepare them for reuse. Their work is both unrecorded and largely unrecognized, even though in some parts of the world they handle as much as 20 percent of all waste.
The world’s 15 million informal recyclers clean up cities, prevent some trash from ending in landfills and thus, reduce climate change by saving energy on waste disposal techniques like incineration. In developed countries, they are the preferred ones since they recycle waste much more cheaply and efficiently than governments or private corporations can. In the developing world, on the other band, provide only recycling services except for a few big cities. But as recession hits the markets worldwide, the price of scrap metal, paper, and plastic has also fallen Recyclers throughout the world are experiencing a sharp drop in income. Trash pickers and scrap dealers saw a decline of as much as 80 percent in the price of scrap from October 2007 to October 2009.
In some countries, scrap dealers have shuttered so quickly that researchers at the solid waste management association didn’t have a chance to record their losses. In Delhi, some 80 percent of families in the informal recycling business surveyed by an organization said they had cut back on “luxury foods” which they defined as fruit, milk, and meat. About 41 percent had stopped buying milk for their children. By this summer, most of those children, already malnourished, hadn’t had a glass of milk in nine months. Many of these children have also cut down on hours spent in school to work alongside their parents. Families have liquidated their most valuable assets- primarily copper from electrical wires-and have stopped sending remittances back to their rural villages. Many have also sold their emergency stones of grains. Their misery is not as familiar as that of the laid-off workers of big-name but imploding, service sector corporations, but if is often more tragic.
Few countries have adopted emergency measures to help trash pickers. Brazil, for one, is providing recyclers, or “catadores,” with cheaper food, both through arrangements with local farmers and by offering food subsidies. Other countries, with the support of non-governmental organizations and donor agencies, are following Brazil’s example. Unfortunately, most trash pickers operate official notice and end up falling through the cracks of programs like these. In the long run, though these invisible workers will remain especially vulnerable to economic slowdowns unless they are integrated into the formal business sector, where they can have insurance and reliable wages. This is not hard to accomplish. Informal junk shops should create or expand doorstep waste collection programs to employ trash pickers. Instead of sorting through haphazard trash heaps and landfills, the pickers would have access to the cleaner scrap that comes from households.
The need of the hour, however, is a more immediate solution. An efficient but temporary solution would be for governments where they’d have to pay a small subsidy to waste dealers so they could purchase scrap from trash pickers at about 20 percent above the current price. This increase, if well advertised and broadly utilized, would bring recyclers a higher price and eventually bring them back from the brink. Trash pickers make our cities healthier and more liveable. We all stand to gain by making sure that the work of recycling remains sustainable for years to come.
Source: https://www.nytimes.com
(A) By preventing the trash being dumped into the landfills.
(B) By using renewable sources of energy to recycle the scrap.
(C) By helping to avoid the energy consuming waste disposal techniques.
Question 5
Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Among those suffering from the global recession are millions of workers who are not even included in the official statics: urban recyclers. The trash pickers, sorters, traders, and reprocessors who extricate paper, cardboard and plastics from garbage heaps and prepare them for reuse. Their work is both unrecorded and largely unrecognized, even though in some parts of the world they handle as much as 20 percent of all waste.
The world’s 15 million informal recyclers clean up cities, prevent some trash from ending in landfills and thus, reduce climate change by saving energy on waste disposal techniques like incineration. In developed countries, they are the preferred ones since they recycle waste much more cheaply and efficiently than governments or private corporations can. In the developing world, on the other band, provide only recycling services except for a few big cities. But as recession hits the markets worldwide, the price of scrap metal, paper, and plastic has also fallen Recyclers throughout the world are experiencing a sharp drop in income. Trash pickers and scrap dealers saw a decline of as much as 80 percent in the price of scrap from October 2007 to October 2009.
In some countries, scrap dealers have shuttered so quickly that researchers at the solid waste management association didn’t have a chance to record their losses. In Delhi, some 80 percent of families in the informal recycling business surveyed by an organization said they had cut back on “luxury foods” which they defined as fruit, milk, and meat. About 41 percent had stopped buying milk for their children. By this summer, most of those children, already malnourished, hadn’t had a glass of milk in nine months. Many of these children have also cut down on hours spent in school to work alongside their parents. Families have liquidated their most valuable assets- primarily copper from electrical wires-and have stopped sending remittances back to their rural villages. Many have also sold their emergency stones of grains. Their misery is not as familiar as that of the laid-off workers of big-name but imploding, service sector corporations, but if is often more tragic.
Few countries have adopted emergency measures to help trash pickers. Brazil, for one, is providing recyclers, or “catadores,” with cheaper food, both through arrangements with local farmers and by offering food subsidies. Other countries, with the support of non-governmental organizations and donor agencies, are following Brazil’s example. Unfortunately, most trash pickers operate official notice and end up falling through the cracks of programs like these. In the long run, though these invisible workers will remain especially vulnerable to economic slowdowns unless they are integrated into the formal business sector, where they can have insurance and reliable wages. This is not hard to accomplish. Informal junk shops should create or expand doorstep waste collection programs to employ trash pickers. Instead of sorting through haphazard trash heaps and landfills, the pickers would have access to the cleaner scrap that comes from households.
The need of the hour, however, is a more immediate solution. An efficient but temporary solution would be for governments where they’d have to pay a small subsidy to waste dealers so they could purchase scrap from trash pickers at about 20 percent above the current price. This increase, if well advertised and broadly utilized, would bring recyclers a higher price and eventually bring them back from the brink. Trash pickers make our cities healthier and more liveable. We all stand to gain by making sure that the work of recycling remains sustainable for years to come.
Source: https://www.nytimes.com
Question 6
Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Among those suffering from the global recession are millions of workers who are not even included in the official statics: urban recyclers. The trash pickers, sorters, traders, and reprocessors who extricate paper, cardboard and plastics from garbage heaps and prepare them for reuse. Their work is both unrecorded and largely unrecognized, even though in some parts of the world they handle as much as 20 percent of all waste.
The world’s 15 million informal recyclers clean up cities, prevent some trash from ending in landfills and thus, reduce climate change by saving energy on waste disposal techniques like incineration. In developed countries, they are the preferred ones since they recycle waste much more cheaply and efficiently than governments or private corporations can. In the developing world, on the other band, provide only recycling services except for a few big cities. But as recession hits the markets worldwide, the price of scrap metal, paper, and plastic has also fallen Recyclers throughout the world are experiencing a sharp drop in income. Trash pickers and scrap dealers saw a decline of as much as 80 percent in the price of scrap from October 2007 to October 2009.
In some countries, scrap dealers have shuttered so quickly that researchers at the solid waste management association didn’t have a chance to record their losses. In Delhi, some 80 percent of families in the informal recycling business surveyed by an organization said they had cut back on “luxury foods” which they defined as fruit, milk, and meat. About 41 percent had stopped buying milk for their children. By this summer, most of those children, already malnourished, hadn’t had a glass of milk in nine months. Many of these children have also cut down on hours spent in school to work alongside their parents. Families have liquidated their most valuable assets- primarily copper from electrical wires-and have stopped sending remittances back to their rural villages. Many have also sold their emergency stones of grains. Their misery is not as familiar as that of the laid-off workers of big-name but imploding, service sector corporations, but if is often more tragic.
Few countries have adopted emergency measures to help trash pickers. Brazil, for one, is providing recyclers, or “catadores,” with cheaper food, both through arrangements with local farmers and by offering food subsidies. Other countries, with the support of non-governmental organizations and donor agencies, are following Brazil’s example. Unfortunately, most trash pickers operate official notice and end up falling through the cracks of programs like these. In the long run, though these invisible workers will remain especially vulnerable to economic slowdowns unless they are integrated into the formal business sector, where they can have insurance and reliable wages. This is not hard to accomplish. Informal junk shops should create or expand doorstep waste collection programs to employ trash pickers. Instead of sorting through haphazard trash heaps and landfills, the pickers would have access to the cleaner scrap that comes from households.
The need of the hour, however, is a more immediate solution. An efficient but temporary solution would be for governments where they’d have to pay a small subsidy to waste dealers so they could purchase scrap from trash pickers at about 20 percent above the current price. This increase, if well advertised and broadly utilized, would bring recyclers a higher price and eventually bring them back from the brink. Trash pickers make our cities healthier and more liveable. We all stand to gain by making sure that the work of recycling remains sustainable for years to come.
Source: https://www.nytimes.com
INVISIBLE
Question 7
Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Among those suffering from the global recession are millions of workers who are not even included in the official statics: urban recyclers. The trash pickers, sorters, traders, and reprocessors who extricate paper, cardboard and plastics from garbage heaps and prepare them for reuse. Their work is both unrecorded and largely unrecognized, even though in some parts of the world they handle as much as 20 percent of all waste.
The world’s 15 million informal recyclers clean up cities, prevent some trash from ending in landfills and thus, reduce climate change by saving energy on waste disposal techniques like incineration. In developed countries, they are the preferred ones since they recycle waste much more cheaply and efficiently than governments or private corporations can. In the developing world, on the other band, provide only recycling services except for a few big cities. But as recession hits the markets worldwide, the price of scrap metal, paper, and plastic has also fallen Recyclers throughout the world are experiencing a sharp drop in income. Trash pickers and scrap dealers saw a decline of as much as 80 percent in the price of scrap from October 2007 to October 2009.
In some countries, scrap dealers have shuttered so quickly that researchers at the solid waste management association didn’t have a chance to record their losses. In Delhi, some 80 percent of families in the informal recycling business surveyed by an organization said they had cut back on “luxury foods” which they defined as fruit, milk, and meat. About 41 percent had stopped buying milk for their children. By this summer, most of those children, already malnourished, hadn’t had a glass of milk in nine months. Many of these children have also cut down on hours spent in school to work alongside their parents. Families have liquidated their most valuable assets- primarily copper from electrical wires-and have stopped sending remittances back to their rural villages. Many have also sold their emergency stones of grains. Their misery is not as familiar as that of the laid-off workers of big-name but imploding, service sector corporations, but if is often more tragic.
Few countries have adopted emergency measures to help trash pickers. Brazil, for one, is providing recyclers, or “catadores,” with cheaper food, both through arrangements with local farmers and by offering food subsidies. Other countries, with the support of non-governmental organizations and donor agencies, are following Brazil’s example. Unfortunately, most trash pickers operate official notice and end up falling through the cracks of programs like these. In the long run, though these invisible workers will remain especially vulnerable to economic slowdowns unless they are integrated into the formal business sector, where they can have insurance and reliable wages. This is not hard to accomplish. Informal junk shops should create or expand doorstep waste collection programs to employ trash pickers. Instead of sorting through haphazard trash heaps and landfills, the pickers would have access to the cleaner scrap that comes from households.
The need of the hour, however, is a more immediate solution. An efficient but temporary solution would be for governments where they’d have to pay a small subsidy to waste dealers so they could purchase scrap from trash pickers at about 20 percent above the current price. This increase, if well advertised and broadly utilized, would bring recyclers a higher price and eventually bring them back from the brink. Trash pickers make our cities healthier and more liveable. We all stand to gain by making sure that the work of recycling remains sustainable for years to come.
Source: https://www.nytimes.com
SHARP
Question 8
a) Malleable
b) Influential
c) Dilatory
d) Pliant
Question 9
a) Reclusive
b) Graceful
c) Aesthetic
d) Dialectical
Question 10
a) Clout
b) Infamy
c) Guile
d) Puissance
Question 11
a) Facile
b) Veritable
c) Unquestionable
d) Sustained
Question 12
Question 13
Question 14
Question 15
Question 16
The infamous Salem witch trials began during the spring of 1692, after a group of young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, claimed to be feigned (16) by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft. As a wave of jubilate (17) spread throughout colonial Massachusetts, a special court convened in Salem to hear the cases; the first convicted witch, Bridget Bishop, was hanged that June. Eighteen others followed Bishop to Salem’s Gallows Hill, while some 150 more men, women and children were accused over the next several months. By September 1692, the hysteria had begun to climacteric (18) and public opinion turned against the trials. Though the Massachusetts General Court later expository (19) guilty verdicts against accused witches and granted hyperborean (20) to their families, bitterness lingered in the community, and the painful legacy of the Salem witch trials would endure for centuries.
Question 17
The infamous Salem witch trials began during the spring of 1692, after a group of young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, claimed to be feigned (16) by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft. As a wave of jubilate (17) spread throughout colonial Massachusetts, a special court convened in Salem to hear the cases; the first convicted witch, Bridget Bishop, was hanged that June. Eighteen others followed Bishop to Salem’s Gallows Hill, while some 150 more men, women and children were accused over the next several months. By September 1692, the hysteria had begun to climacteric (18) and public opinion turned against the trials. Though the Massachusetts General Court later expository (19) guilty verdicts against accused witches and granted hyperborean (20) to their families, bitterness lingered in the community, and the painful legacy of the Salem witch trials would endure for centuries.
Question 18
The infamous Salem witch trials began during the spring of 1692, after a group of young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, claimed to be feigned (16) by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft. As a wave of jubilate (17) spread throughout colonial Massachusetts, a special court convened in Salem to hear the cases; the first convicted witch, Bridget Bishop, was hanged that June. Eighteen others followed Bishop to Salem’s Gallows Hill, while some 150 more men, women and children were accused over the next several months. By September 1692, the hysteria had begun to climacteric (18) and public opinion turned against the trials. Though the Massachusetts General Court later expository (19) guilty verdicts against accused witches and granted hyperborean (20) to their families, bitterness lingered in the community, and the painful legacy of the Salem witch trials would endure for centuries.
Question 19
The infamous Salem witch trials began during the spring of 1692, after a group of young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, claimed to be feigned (16) by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft. As a wave of jubilate (17) spread throughout colonial Massachusetts, a special court convened in Salem to hear the cases; the first convicted witch, Bridget Bishop, was hanged that June. Eighteen others followed Bishop to Salem’s Gallows Hill, while some 150 more men, women and children were accused over the next several months. By September 1692, the hysteria had begun to climacteric (18) and public opinion turned against the trials. Though the Massachusetts General Court later expository (19) guilty verdicts against accused witches and granted hyperborean (20) to their families, bitterness lingered in the community, and the painful legacy of the Salem witch trials would endure for centuries.
Question 20
The infamous Salem witch trials began during the spring of 1692, after a group of young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, claimed to be feigned (16) by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft. As a wave of jubilate (17) spread throughout colonial Massachusetts, a special court convened in Salem to hear the cases; the first convicted witch, Bridget Bishop, was hanged that June. Eighteen others followed Bishop to Salem’s Gallows Hill, while some 150 more men, women and children were accused over the next several months. By September 1692, the hysteria had begun to climacteric (18) and public opinion turned against the trials. Though the Massachusetts General Court later expository (19) guilty verdicts against accused witches and granted hyperborean (20) to their families, bitterness lingered in the community, and the painful legacy of the Salem witch trials would endure for centuries.
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