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English Quiz on RC for LIC AAO & Bank Exam
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Question 1
Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
According to the author, which of the following is/are the consequences of water conflicts?
(A) Trans-border conflicts between developing countries.
(B) Water bodies will remain unused and unaffected till the conflict is resolved.
(C) Water conflicts have altered the political boundaries within countries.
(A) Trans-border conflicts between developing countries.
(B) Water bodies will remain unused and unaffected till the conflict is resolved.
(C) Water conflicts have altered the political boundaries within countries.
Question 2
Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
Why does the author ask readers not to view conflicts too negatively?
(A) Most countries have survived them easily
(B) They bring political parties together
(C) They only affect the grass-root levels
(A) Most countries have survived them easily
(B) They bring political parties together
(C) They only affect the grass-root levels
Question 3
Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
What is the author’s main objective behind writing the passage?
Question 4
Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
Which of the following is TRUE with respect to the passage?
Question 5
Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
What is the Prime Minister’s advice to resolve water disputes?
Question 6
Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE in the context of the passage?
Question 7
Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
Pick out the word which is the closest in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage:
Inherent
Inherent
Question 8
Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
Pick out the word which is the closest in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Materialised
Materialised
Question 9
Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
Pick out the word which is opposite in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Worsen
Worsen
Question 10
Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
“Rivers should link, not divide us,” said the Indian Prime Minister expressing concern over inter-state disputes and urged state governments to show “understanding and consideration, statesmanship and an appreciation of the other point of view.”
Water conflicts in India now reach every level; divide every segment of our society, political parties, states, regions, and sub-regions within states, districts, castes and groups and individual farmers. Water conflicts within and among many developing countries are also taking a serious turn. Fortunately, the “water wars”, forecast by so many, have not yet materialised. War has taken place but over oil, not water. Water is radically altering and affecting political boundaries all over the world, as well as within countries. In India, water conflicts are likely to worsen before they begin to be resolved. Till then they pose a significant threat to economic growth, security and health of the ecosystem and the victims are likely to be the poorest of the poor as well as the very sources of water-rivers, wetlands, and aquifers.
Conflicts might sound bad or negative, but they are logical developments in the absence of proper democratic, legal and administrative mechanisms to handle issues at the root of water conflicts. Part of the problem stems from the specific nature of water, namely that water is divisible and amenable to sharing; one unit of water used by one is a unit denied to others; it has multiple uses and involves resultant trade-offs. Excludability is an inherent problem and very often exclusion costs involved are very high: it involves the issue graded scales and boundaries and need for evolving a corresponding understanding around them. Finally, the way water is planned, used and managed causes externalities, both positive and negative, and many of them are unidirectional and asymmetric.
There is a relatively greater visibility as well as a greater body of experience in evolving policies, frameworks, legal set-ups and administrative mechanisms dealing with immobile natural resources, however, contrasted space may be. Reformists, as well as revolutionary movements, are rooted in issue related to land. Several political and legal interventions addressing the issue of equity and social justice have been attempted. Most countries have gone through land reforms of one type or another. Issues related to forests have also generated a body of comprehensive literature on forest resources and rights. Though conflicts over them have not necessarily been effectively or adequately resolved, they have received much more serious attention, have been studied on their own the same kind of attention.
Source : www.epw.in/water-conflicts-india.
Pick out the word which is opposite in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Asymmetric
Asymmetric
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