CTET -2 (Science & Math) Mini Mock Test 2024 : 62

निर्देश: निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को सावधानीपूर्वक अध्ययन कीजिये तथा प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिये l

भाषा का प्रयोग दो रूपों में किया जा सकता है-एक तो सामान्य जिससे लोक में व्यवहार होता है तथा दूसरा साहित्य रचना के लिए, जिसमें प्रायः आलंकारिक भाषा का प्रयोग किया जाता है। साहित्यिक रचना के लिए प्रयुक्त भाषा लोक भाषा का कार्य करते हुए भी उससे भिन्न होती है, क्योंकि इसमें कवि की कल्पना भी काम करती है तथा उसे परिमार्जित रूप में प्रस्तुत करती है। विद्वानों का अनुमान है कि जब से संसार में साहित्य का सृजन आरम्भ हुआ है तभी से आलंकारिक भाषा प्रयोग में लाई जा रही है। संसार का प्राचीनतम ग्रन्थ ऋग्वेद तथा आदि महाकाव्य रामायण इस बात के प्रत्यक्ष प्रमाण हैं। इन दोनों रचनाओं में अलकृत भाषा के उत्कृष्ट उदाहरण प्राप्त होते हैं। संसार के समस्त कवियों तथा साहित्यकारों ने इसी प्रवृत्ति का अनुसरण किया है। वस्तुतः अलंकृत भाषा के अभाव में काव्य, काव्य नहीं कहलाता। इसी बात का समर्थन करते हुए कहा भी गया है कि अलंकार विहीन कविता विधवा के समान होती है। आचार्य भामह का भी कथन है कि जिस प्रकार किसी रमणी की सुंदरता अलंकारों के बिना पूर्ण नहीं होती। उसी प्रकार साहित्य भी आभूषणों के बिना शोभा नहीं पाता। आचार्य दण्डी ने अलंकारों को काव्य का शोभा विधायक धर्म माना है। आचार्य मम्मट और विश्वनाथ ने भी काव्य में अलंकार की महत्ता स्वीकारते हुए क्रमशः उन्हें सौन्दर्य के उपकारक तथा शब्दार्थ के शोभातिशायी धर्म कहा है।

निर्देश: पद्यांश को पढ़कर निम्नलिखित में सबसे उचित विकल्प को चुनिए ।
मेवाड़-केसरी देख रहा,
केवल रण का न तमाशा था।
वह दौड़-दौड़ करता था रण,
वह मान-रक्त का प्यासा था।
चढ़कर चेतक पर घूम-घूम,
करता सेना रखवाली था ।
ले महामृत्यु को साथ-साथ
मानो प्रत्यक्ष कपाली था।
चढ़ चेतक पर तलवार उठा,
रखता था भूतल पानी को।
राणा प्रताप सिर काट-काट
करता था सफल जवानी को।

Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.

Necessity is indeed the mother of invention. When areas in and around Leh began to experience water shortages, life didn't grind to a halt. Why? Because Chewang Norphel, a retired civil engineer in the Jammu and Kashmir government came up with the idea of artificial glaciers. Ladakh, a cold desert at an altitude of 3,000-3,500 meters above sea level, has a low average annual rainfall rate of 50 mm. Glaciers have always been the only source of water. Agriculture is completely dependent on glacier melt unlike the rest of river or monsoon fed India. But over the years with increasing effects of climate change, rainfall and snowfall patterns have been changing, resulting in severe shortage and drought situations. Given the severe winter conditions, the window for farming is usually limited to one harvest season.

The artificial glacier is located between the natural glacier above and the village below. The one closer to the village and lowest in altitude melts first, providing water during April/May, the crucial sowing season. Further layers of ice above melt with increasing temperature thus ensuring continuous supply to the fields. Thus, farmers have been able to manage two crops instead of one. It costs about Rs. 1,50,000 and above to create one. Fondly called the "glacier man", Mr. Norphel has designed over 15 artificial glaciers in and around Leh since 1987. In recognition of his pioneering effort, he was conferred the Padma Shri by President Pranab Mukherjee, in 2015.

There are a few basic steps followed in creating the artificial glacier.

River or stream water at higher altitude is diverted to a shaded area of the hill, facing north, where the winter sun is blocked by a ridge or a mountain range. At the start of winter/November, the diverted water is made to flow onto sloping hill face through distribution channels. Stone embankments are built at regular intervals which impede the flow of water, making shallow pools and freeze, forming a cascade of ice along the slope. Ice formation continues for 3-4 months resulting in a large accumulation of ice which is referred to as an "artificial glacier".

Directions: Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:

PASSAGE-2

Globalization is the way to open businesses, improve technological growth, economy, etc. at the international level for all countries. It is the way in which manufacturers and producers of the products or goods sell their products globally without any restriction. It provides huge profits to the businessmen as they get low cost labor in poor countries easily. It provides a big opportunity to the companies to deal with the worldwide market.

Globalization helps to consider the whole world as a single market. Traders are extending their areas of business by treating the world as a global village. Earlier till the 1990s, there was a restriction on importing certain products which were already manufactured in India like agricultural products, engineering goods, food items and toiletries. However, during the 1990s there was a pressure from the rich countries on the poor and developing countries to allow them to spread their businesses by opening their markets. In India, the globalization and liberalization process was started in 1991.

After many years, globalization brought about a major revolution in the Indian market when multinational brands came to India and started delivering a wide range of quality products at cheap prices. Prices of good quality products came down because of the cutthroat competition in the market.

Globalization and liberalization of the businesses in India have flooded the market with quality foreign products but has affected the local Indian industries adversely to a great extent resulting in the job loss to poor and uneducated workers. Globalization has been a bonanza for the consumers, however, a loss to the small-scale Indian producers. Globalization has had some very positive effects on the Indian consumer in all sectors of society. It has affected the Indian students and education sector to a great extent by making study books and a lot of information available over the internet. Collaboration of foreign universities with the Indian universities has brought about a huge change in the field of education.

Globalization of trade in the agricultural sector has brought varieties of quality seeds which have disease resistance property. However, it is not good for poor Indian farmers because the seeds and agricultural technologies are costly. It has brought about a huge revolution in the employment sector by the spread of businesses like cottage, handloom, carpet, artisan carving, ceramic, jewellery, and glassware etc.