Binary Logic || Logical Reasoning || CAT 2021 || 25 September for CAT & MBA Exams

Question 1

Direction:

3 balls coloured Black, White and Red are to be each put in one of the three Bags numbered 1, 2 and 3 (not necessarily in the same order). 3 friends Devender, Mahendra and Surendra make 2 statements about the arrangement of the balls in the Bags, one of which is true and the other is false.

Their statements are as follows:

Devender: The Black Ball is not in Bag 2. The Red ball is in Bag 1

Mahendra: The Black Ball is not in Bag 3. The White ball is in Bag 2

Surendra: The White ball is in Bag 3. The Red ball is not in Bag 1

Bag 1 contains the:

Question 2

Direction:

3 balls coloured Black, White and Red are to be each put in one of the three Bags numbered 1, 2 and 3 (not necessarily in the same order). 3 friends Devender, Mahendra and Surendra make 2 statements about the arrangement of the balls in the Bags, one of which is true and the other is false.

Their statements are as follows:

Devender: The Black Ball is not in Bag 2. The Red ball is in Bag 1

Mahendra: The Black Ball is not in Bag 3. The White ball is in Bag 2

Surendra: The White ball is in Bag 3. The Red ball is not in Bag 1

Black ball is in which Bag?

Question 3

Direction:

3 balls coloured Black, White and Red are to be each put in one of the three Bags numbered 1, 2 and 3 (not necessarily in the same order). 3 friends Devender, Mahendra and Surendra make 2 statements about the arrangement of the balls in the Bags, one of which is true and the other is false.

Their statements are as follows:

Devender: The Black Ball is not in Bag 2. The Red ball is in Bag 1

Mahendra: The Black Ball is not in Bag 3. The White ball is in Bag 2

Surendra: The White ball is in Bag 3. The Red ball is not in Bag 1

If we ignore the second statement made by Mahendra and consider the first statement made by him to be true, then how many possible arrangements can we have following the remaining conditions?

Question 4

Direction:

3 balls coloured Black, White and Red are to be each put in one of the three Bags numbered 1, 2 and 3 (not necessarily in the same order). 3 friends Devender, Mahendra and Surendra make 2 statements about the arrangement of the balls in the Bags, one of which is true and the other is false.

Their statements are as follows:

Devender: The Black Ball is not in Bag 2. The Red ball is in Bag 1

Mahendra: The Black Ball is not in Bag 3. The White ball is in Bag 2

Surendra: The White ball is in Bag 3. The Red ball is not in Bag 1

Which of the following statements is true?

Question 5

Direction: Kya –Kya is an obscure island which is inhabited by two types of people: the ‘Yes’ type and the ‘No’ type. A native of type ‘Yes’ ask only questions the right answer to which is ‘Yes’ while those of type ‘No’ ask only questions the right answer to which is ‘No’. For example. The ‘Yes’ type will ask questions like “Is 2 plus 2 equal to 4?” while the ‘No’ type will ask questions like “Is 2 plus 2 equal to five?” The following questions are based on your visit to the island of Kya – Kya.

If an islander asks, “Do I belong to the ‘No’ type”, which of the following is correct?

Question 6

Direction: Kya –Kya is an obscure island which is inhabited by two types of people: the ‘Yes’ type and the ‘No’ type. A native of type ‘Yes’ ask only questions the right answer to which is ‘Yes’ while those of type ‘No’ ask only questions the right answer to which is ‘No’. For example. The ‘Yes’ type will ask questions like “Is 2 plus 2 equal to 4?” while the ‘No’ type will ask questions like “Is 2 plus 2 equal to five?” The following questions are based on your visit to the island of Kya – Kya.

Ram and Laxman are brothers from the Island. Laxman asks you, “Is at least one of us brothers of type ‘No”. You can conclude that

Question 7

Direction: Kya –Kya is an obscure island which is inhabited by two types of people: the ‘Yes’ type and the ‘No’ type. A native of type ‘Yes’ ask only questions the right answer to which is ‘Yes’ while those of type ‘No’ ask only questions the right answer to which is ‘No’. For example. The ‘Yes’ type will ask questions like “Is 2 plus 2 equal to 4?” while the ‘No’ type will ask questions like “Is 2 plus 2 equal to five?” The following questions are based on your visit to the island of Kya – Kya.

You are approached by one of the islanders and asked, “Am I of type ‘Yes”? You can infer that

Question 8

Direction: Read the information carefully and answer the following question:
There are only four kinds of drinkers in the world, based on what kind of statement they make after being high on drinks: -
Truth Teller -> They always speak the truth.
Liar -> They always make false statements.
True Alternator -> Alternates between True and False statements, starting with a True statement.
False Alternator -> Alternates between True and False statements, starting with a False statement.
Four drinkers, Ramu, Pintu, Sahoo and Tinku, made the following three statements each. They belong to one of the above four kinds of drinkers. Also, each of them, had a different type of drink at the pub, from amongst – Vodka, Beer, Whisky and Rum.
Ramu: Only one of us made a true first statement. I drank Beer. The one who drank Vodka is a Liar.
Pintu: Tinku is a Liar. I drank Rum. The one who drank Whisky is a Truth Teller.
Sahoo: My first statement is not a false one. I drank Whisky. The one who drank Rum made a false third statement.
Tinku: Exactly two of us made a true first statement. I drank Vodka. The one who drank Beer made a true first statement.
Interestingly, all four of them made a different number of true statements.

Who drank Vodka at the pub?

Question 9

Direction: Read the information carefully and answer the following question:
There are only four kinds of drinkers in the world, based on what kind of statement they make after being high on drinks: -
Truth Teller -> They always speak the truth.
Liar -> They always make false statements.
True Alternator -> Alternates between True and False statements, starting with a True statement.
False Alternator -> Alternates between True and False statements, starting with a False statement.
Four drinkers, Ramu, Pintu, Sahoo and Tinku, made the following three statements each. They belong to one of the above four kinds of drinkers. Also, each of them, had a different type of drink at the pub, from amongst – Vodka, Beer, Whisky and Rum.
Ramu: Only one of us made a true first statement. I drank Beer. The one who drank Vodka is a Liar.
Pintu: Tinku is a Liar. I drank Rum. The one who drank Whisky is a Truth Teller.
Sahoo: My first statement is not a false one. I drank Whisky. The one who drank Rum made a false third statement.
Tinku: Exactly two of us made a true first statement. I drank Vodka. The one who drank Beer made a true first statement.
Interestingly, all four of them made a different number of true statements.

How many of Sahoo’s statements were true?

Question 10

Direction: Read the information carefully and answer the following question:
There are only four kinds of drinkers in the world, based on what kind of statement they make after being high on drinks: -
Truth Teller -> They always speak the truth.
Liar -> They always make false statements.
True Alternator -> Alternates between True and False statements, starting with a True statement.
False Alternator -> Alternates between True and False statements, starting with a False statement.
Four drinkers, Ramu, Pintu, Sahoo and Tinku, made the following three statements each. They belong to one of the above four kinds of drinkers. Also, each of them, had a different type of drink at the pub, from amongst – Vodka, Beer, Whisky and Rum.
Ramu: Only one of us made a true first statement. I drank Beer. The one who drank Vodka is a Liar.
Pintu: Tinku is a Liar. I drank Rum. The one who drank Whisky is a Truth Teller.
Sahoo: My first statement is not a false one. I drank Whisky. The one who drank Rum made a false third statement.
Tinku: Exactly two of us made a true first statement. I drank Vodka. The one who drank Beer made a true first statement.
Interestingly, all four of them made a different number of true statements.

Which of the following is a correct combination?