Reason behind calling off Non-Cooperation Movement
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre inspired the Non-Cooperation Movement, which was later halted by the Chauri Chaura tragedy in 1922. Mahatma Gandhi was a major proponent of the Non-Cooperation movement. In March 1920, he issued a manifesto outlining the movement's nonviolent noncooperation stance. Gandhi wished for everyone to do the following through this manifesto:
- Adopt swadeshi values.
- Take up Swadeshi customs like hand spinning and weaving.
- Work to have untouchability eliminated from society
Effects of Non-Cooperation Movement
Essentially, the movement was a nonviolent protest against the British Indian government. As a form of protest, Indians were encouraged to renounce their titles and resign from their positions in local government.
- People were urged to remove their children from institutions and universities that are run by the government or receive funds from the government.
- People were urged to stop buying imported goods and use exclusively made-in-India products.
- People were urged to stay away from voting in the Legislative Council elections.
- No one was allowed to enlist in the British Army.
- It was also intended for the people that they would stop paying taxes if the above measures did not yield the desired results.
- The Congress also called for self-government or Swarajya.
- Only completely non-violent methods will be used to enforce requests.
- The non-cooperation campaign marked a turning point in the independence movement as it signalled the initial willingness of Congress to abandon constitutional measures in favour of self-government.
- According to Gandhiji, if this campaign is carried to its end, Swaraj will be achieved in a year.
- After the Chauri Chaura tragedy in February 1922, Gandhiji decided to end the campaign.
- During a fight between police and agitation protesters in Chauri Chaura, Uttar Pradesh, a violent mob torched a police station, killing 22 policemen.
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