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What was the Concept of Two Nation Theory?

By BYJU'S Exam Prep

Updated on: November 9th, 2023

The Two Nation Theory was an ideology or belief system that had a significant impact on India after its independence. The Two Nation Theory postulated that Indian Muslims and Indian Hindus are diametrically opposed and thus cannot coexist. The Two-Nation theory gave birth to the idea of partition while stressing the religious and cultural differences between Hindus and Muslims.

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Two Nation Theory

The Two-Nation Theory was a religious nationalism ideology that supported the idea that Indian Hindus and Indian Muslims are two distinct nations with distinct cultural and religious differences and identities. Both communities have their own set of customs and traditions.

  • As a result, they cannot coexist peacefully without affecting or dominating both of their ways of life. It was the primary reason for India’s partition in 1947.
  • This ideology was supported by the All-India Muslim League and was the basic principle of the Pakistan movement. The Pakistan movement was when the Indian Muslims demanded a separate nation as a result of the Two-nation theory.
  • The Two-Nation Theory supported the idea that Muslims should be able to live outside of the Hindu-majority country and follow Islam.
  • Most Hindus and some Muslims opposed the Two nation theory, but the Muslim League won a near-unanimous majority in its favor.
  • India did not support this theory and opted to be a secular nation instead, where multiple religions could co-exist in harmony together. As a result, the Constitution of India highlights the concepts of religious pluralism and complete nationalism.

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