The most economical section for a column is

Most Economical Section for a Column

• As it takes place at the material’s yield stress, crushing failure is ideal. Buckling, on the other hand, is undesirable since it takes place at a stress lower than yield stress.
• The concept of slenderness ratio determines the type of failure that will take place. The effective length of the column divided by the radius of gyration of the column cross-section is known as the slenderness ratio.
• Therefore, the more the failure toward crushing, the lower the slenderness ratio. Higher slenderness ratios can cause instability and buckling failure. Therefore, the more effective the column, the lower the slenderness ratio. In other words, it is preferable to have a higher radius of gyration.
• Due to the material being distributed farther from the cross-sectional axis in tubular sections, the second moment of area is larger in these sections. Additionally, tubular parts have smaller surfaces as well. The radius of gyration is increased as a result of these two causes. Therefore, the most affordable section is the tubular piece.

Summary:

The most economical section for a column is (a) tubular section (b) solid round (c) hexagonal (d) rectangular

The tubular section is the most economical section for a column. a structural element that transfer the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below through compression is called a column or pillar.