hamburger

Important notes on Triangles and their Properties

By BYJU'S Exam Prep

Updated on: September 25th, 2023

Maths is an important subject for teaching exams. Adequate practice with Mathematics questions can help score good marks in the respective section. Triangle and their properties is an important topic in Mathematics. Candidates can check their best notes on triangles and their properties here. 

In this article, we will be covering a very important topic from the Advance Maths part of the Quantitative Aptitude section that is – Important notes on Triangles and their Properties for upcoming CTET exam.

Triangles and their properties

Area of triangle

  1. When base and corresponding height is known: ½ * base * height = ½*c*h
  1. When all sides are given (Heron’s formulae): {s (s – a) (s – b) (s – c)}1/2  where, s = (a+b+c)/2
  1. When two sides and corresponding angle is given.: ½ a*c*sinθ
  1. When all the median are given (Median is a line joining the vertex to the opposite side at midpoint): 4/3 * {s(s – m1) (s – m2) (s –m3)}1/2

Note: Where, s = (m1+m2+m3)/2, m1,m2,m3 are three medians of the Triangle.

The article covers everything about Triangle’s study material. Triangle is a very important topic from the Advance Maths part of the Quantitative Aptitude section.

Check Important notes on Triangles and their Properties here.

Triangles and their properties

Area of triangle

  1. When base and corresponding height is known: ½ * base * height = ½*c*h
  1. When all sides are given (Heron’s formulae): {s (s – a) (s – b) (s – c)}1/2  where, s = (a+b+c)/2
  1. When two sides and corresponding angle is given.: ½ a*c*sinθ
  1. When all the median are given (Median is a line joining the vertex to the opposite side at midpoint): 4/3 * {s(s – m1) (s – m2) (s –m3)}1/2

Note: Where, s = (m1+m2+m3)/2, m1,m2,m3 are three medians of the Triangle.

  1. When all the heights are given: 1/Area of ∆ = 4 {G (G – 1/h1) (G – 1/h2) (G – 1/h3),

Note: Where, G = ½ (1/h1 + 1/h2 + 1/h3)

Sine formulae of triangle

a/SinA = b/sinB = c/SinC = 2R Where, R is Circumradius

Cosine Formulae of triangle

CosA = b2 +c2 – a2 / 2bc

CosB= a2 +c2 – b2 / 2ac

CosC = b2 +a2 – c2 / 2ba

An interesting result based of cosine formulae

If in a triangle CosA = b2 +c2 – a2 / 2bc, Whereas b & c are the smaller sides then

Case I, b2 +c2  is greater than a2 then angle A is acute.

Case II, b2 +c2  is smaller than a2 then angle A is obtuse.

Case III, b2 +c2  is equals to a2 then angle A is Right Angle.

Solve CTET & TET Mock Test 2022 to Boost Your Preparation

For example,

Ques: Find the type of the triangle ABC whose 3 sides are of length 11, 3 & 9.

Solution: Sum of square of two smaller sides is 32 + 92 = 9 + 81 = 90

Square of largest side is 112 = 121.

Hence, this triangle is obtuse-angled triangle.

TRIANGLES AND ITS SERVICES

Medians of a Triangle

The medians of a triangle are line segments joining each vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side. The medians always intersect in a single point, called the centroid.

In the adjoining figure D, E, & F are midpoints of the side of the triangle while Line Segment AD, BE & CF are median. They are meeting at a common point I which is the centroid.

Properties:

  1. Centroid divides the Median in the ratio 2:1. i.e AI/ID = 2/1
  2. Apollonius Theoram:- To find the length of median when all sides are given: 4 * AD2 = 2(AC2 + AB2) – BC2
  1. All 3 median of a triangle divides the triangle in 6 equal parts.

i.e. ar of ∆AFI = ar of ∆AEI = ar of ∆BFI = ar of ∆BDI= ar of ∆CDI= ar of ∆CEI= ar of ∆ABC/6

Angle Bisectors

Angle bisectors are the line segment which bisects the internal angles of the triangle. All the three angle bisectors meet at a common point called as Incentre.

In the adjoining figure Line Segment A1T1, A2T2, & A3T3 are Angle Bisector. While point I is Incentre of the triangle.

Incentre is the only point from which we can draw a circle inside the triangle which will touch all the sides of the triangle at exactly one point & this circle has a special name known as Incircle. And the radius of this circle is known as Inradius.

Solve CTET Mock Test 2022 to Boost Your Preparation

Properties:

  1. Inradius = Area of ∆ A1A2A3 / Semi perimeter of ∆ A1A2A3
  2. Angle formed at the incentre by any two angle bisector: Angle A1IA3  = Angle A1A2A3 /2) + 90o

Perpendicular Bisectors of Sides of the Triangle

When the perpendicular bisectors of the side of the triangle is drawn they meet at a common point known as circumcentre.

This circumcentre is a special point as from this point we can draw a circle which will enclose the triangle in a way that all the vertex of the triangle lie on the circle. The radius of this circle is known as circumradius.

Properties:

In the adjoining figure DP, EP, & FP are perpendicular bisector of sides of the triangle. Point P is circumcentre.

  1. Circumradius = length of side AC * CB * BA / 4 * Area of triangle
  2. Angle formed at the circumcentre by any two linesegment joining circumcentre to the vertex: Angle APC = 2 * Angle ABC

Altitude of the Triangle

The orthocenter of a triangle is the point where the three altitudes meet. This point may be inside, outside, or on the triangle.

In the adjoining figure AD, BE, & CF are three altitudes of a triangle. And point O is the orthocenter.

Properties:

  1. Angle BOC + Angle BAC = 180o

 
Check CTET Previous Year’s Question Papers here

SIMILAR TRIANGLE

If two triangles are similar, then the corresponding sides we have, shows the following relation:

  • The ratio of sides of triangle is proportional to each other.

Like AB/DE = BC/EF = CA/FD

For example:

If AB = 6cm, BC = 10cm & DE = 2cm. Find EF

Solution: AB/DE = BC/EF, 6/2 = 10/EF, Therefore EF = 2*10/6 = 10/3

  • The height, angle bisector, inradius & circumradius are proportional to the sides of triangle.

Median ∆ABC / Median ∆DEF = Height ∆ABC/ Height ∆DEF = AB/DE

  • The areas of the triangles are proportional to the square of the sides of the corresponding triangle.

Area ∆ABC/ Area ∆DEF = (AB/DE) 2

For example:

If AB = 6cm, DE = 10cm & Area of ∆ABC is 135 sqcm. Find Area of ∆DEF.

Solution: Area ∆ABC/ Area ∆DEF = (AB/DE) 2

135/ Area ∆DEF = (6/10)2 , Area ∆DEF = 135*(5/3)2 = 375 sqcm.

In a right angled triangle, the triangles on each sides of the altitude drawn from the vertex of the right angle to the hypotenuse are similar to each other and to the parent triangle.

  • ∆ ABC ≈ ∆ ABD
  • ∆ ABC ≈ ∆ CBD
  • ∆ DBC ≈ ∆ ABD

Proof: In ∆ ABC & ∆ ABD. Angle B and Angle D is 90o. & Angle A is common in both. Hence by AA rule Both triangles are similar.

Some Important Question are as follows::

(1)In the given figure image001=?

image002

(a)3600

(b)  7200

(c)   1800

(d)  3000

Ans.  (a)

Here in triangle AEC

image004

In triangle BFD

image006

Adding (i) and (ii) we get,

image001=360°

(2)In the given figure image008

image002

(a) 9000

(b)  7200

(c)   1800

(d)  5400

Ans.  (c)

In star like figure we calculate the sum of angle by using formula (n-4) 180, when n is the number of point in the star.

image010

image011

 

(3) In the given figure below, if AD = CD = BC, and image012=96°,How much is image013

image014

(a)  320

(b)  840

(c)   640

(d)  can’t be determined

Ans.  (c)

Here image016

image017

image018

image019

and from triangle ACB

image020

image021

(4)In the trapezium ABCD shown below, AD || BC and AB = 6, BC = 7, CD = 8, AD = 17, if sides AB and CD are extended to meet at E, find the measure of image022

image023

Our Apps Playstore
POPULAR EXAMS
SSC and Bank
Other Exams
GradeStack Learning Pvt. Ltd.Windsor IT Park, Tower - A, 2nd Floor, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303 help@byjusexamprep.com
Home Practice Test Series Premium