Medieval History Notes: Bahmani and Vijayanagara Kingdoms

Bahmani  Kingdom:

• The decline of the Sultanate of Delhi gave birth to two mighty states in South India the Bahmani Kingdom of Gulbarga and the Vijayanagara Empire.
• The Bahmanis were Muslim rulers, while the rulers of the Vijayanagar were Hindus.
• The Bahmani kingdom was founded by Zafar Khan (Hassan) who took the title of Alauddin Bahman Shah. He selected Gulbaraga as its capital and renamed it Ahsanabad.
• There was a total of eighteen Sultans and they ruled from 1347 to 1527.
• Muhammed Gawan was the famous minister of the Bahmini kingdom.
• The last prince of the Bahmani Kingdom was Kalimullah.
• By 1527, the Bahmani kingdom was split up into five independent principalities.
• The Adil Shahis of Bijapur -founder – Yusuf Adilshah (1489 - 90)
• The Nizam Shahis of Ahamadnagar - founder - Malik Ahmad (1499)
• The Imadshahis of Berar - founder -Fateh Ulla Imadshanti (1490)
• The Qutubshahi kingdom of Golconda – founder - Qutabshah (1512)
• The Baridshahis of Bidar - founder - Amir Ali Barid (1527).
• Muhammad Adil Shah built Gol Gumbaz, a tomb with the world's second-largest Dome at Bijapur
• Muhammad  shah built the city of Hyderabad (Bhagyanagar)
• Berar stayed out of the Battle of Talikotta

Vijaya Nagara Empire:

• The founders of the Vijaya Nagar Empire were Harihara and Bukka Rai, the revenue officers of the Kakatiya ruler Pratap Rudra Deva II of Warrangal.
• They founded the dynasty in 1336 with the capital Vijaya Nagara on the banks of the Tungabhadra river with the help of Saint Vidyaranya.
• Vijayanagara kingdom lasted for 230 years and produced four dynasties.
• Sangama (1336 - 1485)
• Saluva - (1485 - 1505)
• Tuluva (1505 - 1565) and
• Aravidu (1565 - 1672)
• Krishna Deva Raya (1509 - 1529) belonged to the Tuluva dynasty. The Italian traveller Nicolocont visited his court.
• Krishnadeva Rayar is known as ‘Andhra Bhoja’ He wrote Ushaparinayam and Amuktamalyada
• Allasani Peddanna, a Telugu poet was a courtier of Krishna Deva Raya. He is considered the ‘‘Andra Kavita Pitamaha’’ the Grand Father of Telugu poetry.
• ‘Ashtadiggajas’ was the famous Scholastic Assembly in the court of Krishna Deva Raya.

Vijayanagar Empire was visited by many foreign travellers:

• Nicolo Conti - a Venitian traveller, who visited during the reign of Devaraya I.
• Abdur Razzak: Ambassador of Sulthan Shahrukh to the court of Devaraya II.
• Damingos Paes: He visited Krishna Devaraya’s court.
• Ferona Nuniz: A Portuguese who visited during Achyuta Raya’s reign.
• Durate Barbosa: A Portuguese who visited Krishnadeva Raya’s court.
• Athanasius Nikitin (1415): He was a Russian, who visited during Deva Raya I’s period He wrote, ‘Voyage to India’.

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