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Quant Notes on Lines and Similarity of Triangles

By BYJU'S Exam Prep

Updated on: September 25th, 2023

In this article, we will discuss the basic of Geometry that is Line and Angle similarity concepts. This article is very important as it will clear your doubts about angle and triangle similarity.

Quant Notes on Lines and Similarity of Triangles

Line:

  • A line is made up of infinite points and it has no endpoint.
 

Quant Notes on Lines and Similarity of Triangles

Line:

  • A line is made up of infinite points and it has no endpoint.
  • A line segment is a part of a line which has two endpoints.
  • A ray has only one point and it will go up to infinity in one direction.

Collinear points:

Three or more than three points are said to be collinear if a line contains all of them.

1

 

Here A, B and C are collinear points as all of them lie on the same point.

Concurrent Line:

Three or more than three lines are said to be collinear if there is a point which lies on all of them.

2

AB, EF and CD are concurrent line

Parallel lines:

  • If two lines have no point of intersection if they produced up to infinity then the lines are parallel to each other.
  • Intersecting lines:
  • If two lines have a point in common they are said to be intersecting lines.

Angle:

an angle is formed when two or more than two lines or line segment meets.

Here are some important angel:

Acute angle :

An angle which is smaller than 90° is called an acute angle.

Right angle :

An angle of 90° is called a right angle.

Obtuse angle:

Angles greater than 90° are called obtuse angle.

Straight angle:

The angle of 180° is known as a straight angle as it is formed on a straight line.

Reflex angle:

An angle greater than 180° but smaller than 360° is known as reflex angle.

3

 

180°

Complementary angle:

When the sum of two angles measure is 90° then the angles are said to be complementary angle.

Supplementary angle:

when the sum of two angle measure is 180° then the angles are said to be supplementary angle.

5

here sum of angle x and y is 180° as AB is a straight line. So angle x and y are supplementary.

Adjacent angle:

Two angles are said to be adjacent angle if ;

  •  They have a common vertex.
  • They have a common arm.
  • The non-common arm are on either side of the common arm.

Linear pair:

A linear pair is a pair of adjacent angles whose non-common sides are opposite to each other. That is supplementary angle are always linear pair.

Vertically opposite angles.

when two lines intersect they form two pair of vertically opposite angles.

Vertically opposite angle always equal to each other.

7

Here ∠AOD=∠BOC

∠AOC=∠BOD

Angles made by a transverse line:

8

If two parallel lines are intersected by a transverse line then:

  • Each pair of corresponding angles are equal i.e.(  ∠1=  ∠5,   ∠2=  ∠6,   ∠4=  ∠7 and   ∠3=  ∠8)
  • Each pair of alternate interior angles are equal i.e.(  ∠3=  ∠5 and   ∠4=  ∠6)
  • Interior angles on the same side of the transverse are supplementary.

Congruent and Similar triangle:

Congruent triangle:

  • Two triangles are said to be congruent if they are equal in all respects i.e.
  • Each of the three sides of one triangle must be equal to the three respective sides of the other.
  • Each of three angles of one triangle must be equal to the other three respective angles of the other.

9

AB=PQ, AC=PR & BC=QR

∠A=∠P, ∠B=∠Q & ∠C=∠R

Condition of Congruent Triangle:

  • S-S-S( Side- Side-Side)

If AB=PQ, AC=PR & BC=QR then triangle ABC and triangle PQR  are congruent to each other.

10

  

  • S-A-S(Side-Angle-Side)

 

If two sides and the angle between the two sides are equal then both the triangle are congruent to each other.

if in the above  figure AB=PQ, BC= QR and the angle ABC = angle PQR

  • A-S-A(Angle-Side-Angle)

10

If ∠B=∠Q, ∠C=∠R  and the sides BC=QR then above two triangles are congruent.

  • A-A-S(Angle-Angle-Side)

11

if ∠B=∠Q, ∠C=∠R and AC=PR then the above two triangle are congruent to each other.

  • R-H-S(Right-Hypotenuse-Side)

12

if ∠B=∠Q, BC=QR and AC=PR then the above triangle are congruent to each other.

Similarity of Two triangle:

Two triangle are similar are said to be similar if the corresponding angles are congruent and the corresponding sides are in proportions.

Condition for similarity of Triangles:

  • A-A( Angle-Angle)
  • S-A-S(Side-Angle -Side)
  • S-S-S(side-Side-Side)
  • Congruent triangle are always similar to each other.

Some Properties of Similar Triangle

(1)If two triangle are similar to each other then:

Ratio of sides= ratio of heights

= Ratio of medians

=Ratio of angle bisector

= Ratio of inradius

= Ratio of circumradius

(2)Ratio of area of two similar triangle = ratio of squares of corresponding sides

i.e. if triangle ABC is similar to triangle PQR then

image004

(3)  If a line is drawn parallel to one side of the triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other sides are divided in the same ratio.

17

image005

and if D and E are the  midpoints of AB and AC and DE parallel to BC then

DE=BC/2

(4)  Two triangle between the two parallel lines are parallel to each other.

16

 

Happy Learning  

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Quant Notes on Lines and Similarity of Triangles

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