NOBEL PRIZE 2021: Complete Winner List

Noble Prize 2021

About Nobel Prizes

• The Nobel prizes are conferred in several categories by Norwegian and Swedish institutions in memory of Alfred Nobel. Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer well known for the invention of dynamite. He died in 1896. In his will, he bequeathed all of his "remaining realisable assets" to be used to establish five prizes which became known as "Nobel Prizes." Nobel Prizes were first awarded in 1901.
• The awards given in the following categories Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace.
• Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden’s central bank) established The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in 1968 in Memory of Alfred Nobel.
• The prize contains a gold medal and prize money of 10 million krona which amounts to more than $1.1 million.

Nobel Prize Winners 2021 | CLAT 2022 Current Affairs | Abhimanyu Sir | BYJU’S Exam Prep

2021 Noble Prize Winners:

1) David Julius, Ardem Patapoutian won the 2021 Nobel Prize for Medicine

• American scientists David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian has won 2021 Nobel Prize for Medicine for discoveries of receptors for temperature, which can pave way for new painkillers for chronic diseases.
• Two scientists have allowed us to understand how heat, cold and mechanical force can initiate the nerve impulses that allow us to perceive and adapt to the world around us.

2) Japanese scientist Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann (Germany) and Giorgio Parisi (Italy) have won 2021 Nobel Physics Prize

• Manabe and Hasselmann, shares one half of the 10 million kronor ($1.1 million) prize for their research on climate models, while Parisi won the other half for interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems.
• This is the first-time climate scientists have been awarded Physics Nobel.

3) Benjamin List (Germany) and David MacMillan (USA) has been awarded with Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2021

• They have been awarded for their development of a new and ingenious tool for molecule building: Organocatalysis. Its uses include research into new pharmaceuticals, and it has also helped make chemistry greener.
• Their chemical toolkit has been used for discovering new drugs and making molecules that can capture light in solar cells.
• Between 1901 and 2021, 113 Nobel Prizes in Chemistry have been awarded.

4) Novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah wins 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature

• Tanzanian novelist, Abdulrazak Gurnah has been awarded 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugees in the gulf between cultures and continents.
• He writes in English. Nobel Prize in literature is awarded by Swedish Academy, Stockholm, Sweden.

5)  Nobel Peace Prize to Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov

• Maria Ressa uses freedom of expression to expose abuse of power, use of violence and growing authoritarianism in her native country, the Philippines.
• Dmitry Muratov has for decades defended freedom of speech in Russia under increasingly challenging conditions.

6) Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences 2021

• The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2021 with one half to David Card (University of California, Berkeley, USA) “for his empirical contributions to labour economics”.
• The other half jointly to Joshua Angrist (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA) and Guido Imbens (Stanford University, USA) “for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships”.

List of Indian Nobel Laureates

Indian Citizenship

Born in India but different Citizenship

Important Facts about Nobel Prizes:

1. First Nobel Prize was given to Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen in 1901. For Discovery of X rays.
2. Youngest person ever to receive a Nobel Prize is Malala Yousafzai, who was awarded Nobel Prize at the age of 17 in 2014.
3. Oldest person ever to receive a Nobel Prize: John B. Goodenough was awarded the Nobel at the age of 97, in Chemistry (2019).
4. Person who is awarded more than one unshared Nobel Prizes: Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize twice.
   1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and 1962 Nobel Peace Prize.
5. Organisation received Noble more than twice: The International Committee of the Red Cross has awarded this prize thrice. Nobel Peace Prize (1917, 1944, 1963).
6. Nobel Laureates declined the prize:

1. Jean-Paul Sartre, given the Nobel Prize (1964) in Literature
2. Le Duc Tho, awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (1973) jointly with US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger.

1. Nobel Laureates who were under arrest at the time of the award
   • German pacifist and journalist Carl von Ossietzky
   • Burmese politician Aung San Suu Kyi
   • Chinese human rights activist Liu Xiaobo

1. Multiple Nobel Laureates (4 Individuals have won it twice and 2 Organisations have won it twice or more)
   • J. Bardeen- Physics 1956, Physics 1972
   • M. Curie- Physics 1903, Chemistry 1911
   • L. Pauling- Chemistry 1954, Peace 1962
   • F. Sanger- Chemistry 1958, Chemistry 1980
   • UNHCR- Peace 1954, Peace 1981
   • The International Committee of the Red Cross was given the prize thrice. Nobel Peace Prize (1917, 1944, 1963).

Note: Marie Curie, who was the first woman ever to win a Nobel (in 1903) alongside her husband Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel, for Physics, also went on to win it a 2^nd time in 1911, this time for Chemistry, creating the record of being the first person to win two Nobels.

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